Imported from huaweicloud/huaweicloud-skills (skills/container/swr/huawei-cloud-swr-image-automation/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add huaweicloud/huaweicloud-skills --skill huawei-cloud-swr-image-automation. Copyright stays with the author.

Huawei Cloud SWR Image Automation

Overview

This skill provides image automation capabilities for Huawei Cloud SWR (Software Repository for Container) using the hcloud CLI, including cross-region image sync and trigger-based auto-deployment.

Architecture: hcloud CLI → SWR Service API → SyncRepo/Trigger/SyncJob/SyncRegion resources

Related Skills:

• huawei-cloud-swr-image-management - Image lifecycle management (namespaces, repos, tags, auth, quotas). Image push and authentication (CreateAuthorizationToken, docker login, docker push) are required to verify triggers end-to-end. If not installed, install it first:

  npx skills add huaweicloud/huaweicloud-skills --skill huawei-cloud-swr-image-management -y

  For the complete image push and authentication flow, refer to the official SWR Quick Start guide: https://support.huaweicloud.com/qs-swr/index.html

• huawei-cloud-swr-image-governance - Image governance (permissions, retention, sharing, tags, immutable rules)

• huawei-cloud-swr-enterprise-instance - Enterprise instance management

• Configure auto-sync to replicate images across regions on push

• Manually sync specific image tags to target regions

• List available sync target regions

• Check sync job execution status

• Create and manage triggers for auto-deploy to CCE/CCI workloads

• Enable/disable triggers and update trigger configurations

Typical Use Cases:

• "Set up auto-sync for my image repository to cn-east-3"
• "Manually sync image tags v1.0 and v2.0 to another region"
• "List available regions for image sync"
• "Check the status of my image sync job"
• "Create a trigger to auto-update my CCE deployment when a new image is pushed"
• "List all triggers for a repository"
• "Disable a trigger temporarily"
• "Delete an old trigger configuration"
• "Configure image replication across multiple regions"

参数确认

All write operations (Create, Update, Delete) require explicit user confirmation before execution.

Before executing any write operation, the skill must:

1. Display the exact hcloud command to be executed
2. Show the target resource (namespace, repository, remote region, etc.)
3. Show the change to be applied (sync config, trigger settings, override status)
4. Wait for user confirmation ("yes" / "confirm") before proceeding
5. If user declines, abort the operation and return to step 1

Write operations requiring confirmation:

Prerequisites

1. hcloud CLI Requirements (MANDATORY)

• hcloud CLI installed (version >= 7.2.2)
• Run hcloud version to verify installation
• First-time usage: printf "y\n" | hcloud version to accept privacy statement

2. Credential Configuration

hcloud CLI supports two credential modes via environment variables, automatically detected at runtime:

Mode A — Long-term AK/SK (permanent access):

export HUAWEI_CLOUD_AK=<your-ak>
export HUAWEI_CLOUD_SK=<your-sk>
export HUAWEI_CLOUD_REGION=cn-north-4

Mode B — Temporary AK/SK + SecurityToken (recommended for temporary or delegated access):

export HUAWEI_CLOUD_AK=<your-temp-ak>
export HUAWEI_CLOUD_SK=<your-temp-sk>
export HUAWEI_CLOUD_SECURITY_TOKEN=<your-security-token>
export HUAWEI_CLOUD_REGION=cn-north-4

When HUAWEI_CLOUD_SECURITY_TOKEN is present, hcloud CLI automatically uses temporary credential authentication. When only AK/SK are set, it uses long-term credential authentication.

• Security Rules:
  • 🚫 Never expose AK/SK/SecurityToken values in code, conversation, or commands
  • 🚫 Never use echo $HUAWEI_CLOUD_AK or echo $HUAWEI_CLOUD_SK to check credentials
  • ✅ Use environment variables: HUAWEI_CLOUD_AK, HUAWEI_CLOUD_SK, HUAWEI_CLOUD_REGION, HUAWEI_CLOUD_SECURITY_TOKEN
  • ✅ Prefer IAM users over root account for cloud operations
  • ✅ Enable MFA for sensitive operations

⚠️ Important Security Notes:

• Never commit credentials to version control
• Use IAM users with minimal required permissions
• Enable MFA for sensitive operations
• Rotate AK/SK regularly

3. IAM Permission Requirements

See IAM Permission Policies for complete policy JSON.

Permission Failure Handling:

1. When any command fails due to permission errors, read references/iam-policies.md
2. Display the required permission list and policy JSON to the user
3. Guide the user to create a custom policy in the IAM console and grant authorization
4. Pause execution and wait for user confirmation that permissions have been granted

工作流

0. ⚠️ Billing Confirmation (MANDATORY) — Before executing any operation, inform the user of potential billing implications and obtain explicit consent:
   • Cross-region sync: Image sync between regions incurs cross-region traffic fees. Auto-sync (syncAuto=true) continuously replicates images, generating ongoing traffic costs.
   • Trigger execution: Triggers that deploy to CCE/CCI may incur compute costs on the target clusters.
   • Storage costs: Synced images consume storage in both source and target regions.
   • Ask the user to confirm: "Do you understand the billing implications and wish to proceed? (yes/no)"
   • Only proceed if the user explicitly confirms. If the user declines, stop and do not execute any operations.
1. Confirm parameters — Review the confirmation table above; confirm the risk level and key parameters with the user before any write operation
2. Query sync regions — ListSyncRegions to retrieve available cross-region sync targets
3. Configure sync — CreateImageSyncRepo (auto-sync) or CreateManualImageSyncRepo (one-time manual sync)
4. Manage triggers — CreateTrigger / UpdateTrigger / DeleteTrigger to configure auto-deploy to CCE/CCI
5. Query status — ListImageAutoSyncReposDetails / ShowTrigger / ListSyncJobsDetails to check sync and trigger status
6. Cleanup — DeleteImageSyncRepo to stop sync, DeleteTrigger to remove trigger

KooCLI Command Format Standard

All commands follow the standard hcloud KooCLI format:

hcloud SWR <Operation> --param1=value1 --param2=value2 --cli-region=<region>

Key conventions:

• Service name: SWR (uppercase, matches KooCLI Services listing)
• Operation name: PascalCase (e.g., CreateImageSyncRepo, ListSyncRegions, CreateTrigger)
• Region parameter: --cli-region=<value> (default: cn-north-4, or HUAWEI_CLOUD_REGION env var)
• Output format: --cli-output=json (for agent processing)
• JMESPath filtering: --cli-query="<expression>" (to reduce output)
• Array-style parameters: --imageTag.1=v1 --imageTag.2=v2 (index starts from 1, not 0)

Example — read operation:

hcloud SWR ListSyncRegions --cli-region=cn-north-4 --cli-output=json

Example — write operation (requires user confirmation):

# Step 1: Display command and parameters for user confirmation
# Step 2: After user confirms, execute:
hcloud SWR CreateImageSyncRepo --namespace=pancake --repository=openclaw-sandbox \
  --remoteRegionId=cn-east-3 --remoteNamespace=pancake --syncAuto=true --override=false \
  --cli-region=cn-north-4

Core Commands

1. Auto Sync (Cross-region Image Replication)

See Task: Image Sync for detailed workflows.

# List available sync target regions
hcloud SWR ListSyncRegions --cli-region=cn-north-4

# Configure auto-sync for a repository to target region
hcloud SWR CreateImageSyncRepo --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --remoteRegionId=cn-east-3 --remoteNamespace=group-dev --override=false --syncAuto=true --cli-region=cn-north-4

# List auto-sync configurations for a repository
hcloud SWR ListImageAutoSyncReposDetails --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --cli-region=cn-north-4

# Delete auto-sync configuration
hcloud SWR DeleteImageSyncRepo --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --remoteRegionId=cn-east-3 --remoteNamespace=group-dev --cli-region=cn-north-4

Auto Sync Behavior: When syncAuto=true, every new image push to the source repository automatically triggers a sync to the target region. When syncAuto=false, sync only occurs on manual trigger.

⚠️ Query Limitation: ListImageAutoSyncReposDetails only returns syncAuto=true configurations. syncAuto=false configs will not appear in query results — their absence does not indicate creation failure.

2. Manual Sync

# Manually sync specific image tags to target region
hcloud SWR CreateManualImageSyncRepo --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --remoteRegionId=cn-east-3 --remoteNamespace=group-dev --imageTag.1=v1.0 --imageTag.2=v2.0 --override=false --cli-region=cn-north-4

⚠️ Important: --imageTag uses indexed array format, NOT plain value format:

• ✅ CORRECT: --imageTag.1=v1.0 --imageTag.2=v2.0
• ❌ WRONG: --imageTag=v1.0 (missing index)
• ❌ WRONG: --imageTag=v1.0,v2.0 (comma-separated not supported)

3. Sync Regions

# List all regions available as sync targets
hcloud SWR ListSyncRegions --cli-region=cn-north-4

Response Format (verified against actual API):

[
  {
    "regionID": "cn-north-4"
  }

Returns all regions where you can sync images. Use the regionID field value as the --remoteRegionId parameter.

4. Sync Job Status

# Check sync job status (--filter is REQUIRED with limit and offset)
hcloud SWR ShowSyncJob --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --filter="limit::10|offset::0" --cli-region=cn-north-4

⚠️ Important: --filter is required and must include both limit::N and offset::N (e.g., "limit::10|offset::0"). Without it, the command returns a missing parameter error.

Response format (verified against actual API): Returns a flat JSON array. Returns [] when no sync jobs exist.

5. Trigger Management (Auto-deploy to CCE/CCI)

See Task: Trigger Management for detailed workflows.

# Create a trigger for auto-deploy to CCE
hcloud SWR CreateTrigger --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --name=deploy-trigger --trigger_type=all --condition=".*" --action=update --app_type=deployments --application=my-deployment --cluster_ns=default --enable=true --trigger_mode=cce --cluster_id=<cluster-id> --cluster_name=<cluster-name> --cli-region=cn-north-4

# List all triggers for a repository
hcloud SWR ListTriggersDetails --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --cli-region=cn-north-4

# Show trigger details
hcloud SWR ShowTrigger --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --trigger=deploy-trigger --cli-region=cn-north-4

# Update a trigger (enable/disable or modify configuration)
hcloud SWR UpdateTrigger --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --trigger=deploy-trigger --enable=false --cli-region=cn-north-4

# Delete a trigger
hcloud SWR DeleteTrigger --namespace=group-dev --repository=my-app --trigger=deploy-trigger --cli-region=cn-north-4

Trigger Types:

• all: Trigger on any image push (condition=".*")
• tag: Trigger on specific tag push (condition=tag-name)
• regular: Trigger on tag matching regex (condition=regex-pattern)

Trigger Modes:

• cce: Deploy to CCE (Cloud Container Engine) cluster — requires --cluster_id
• cci: Deploy to CCI (Cloud Container Instance) — no cluster ID needed

Parameter Reference

Common Parameters

Auto Sync Parameters

Manual Sync Parameters

Trigger Parameters

Output Format

ListSyncRegions (verified)

Response is a flat JSON array of region objects:

[
  {
    "regionID": "cn-north-4",
    "region_name": "north-1"
  }
]

Note: Returns all available sync target regions. Use region_id as --remoteRegionId.

ListImageAutoSyncReposDetails

Response format to be verified — returns list of sync repo configurations when they exist. Returns empty when no auto sync configured.

⚠️ Limitation: Only returns configurations where syncAuto=true (auto-sync). Configurations with syncAuto=false (manual sync only) will not appear in results. See Task: Image Sync W3 for workaround.

ListTriggersDetails

Response format to be verified — returns list of trigger objects when they exist. Returns empty when no triggers configured.

ShowTrigger

Response format to be verified. Use --namespace, --repository, --trigger (trigger name) as parameters.

ShowSyncJob (verified)

Response is a flat JSON array. Returns [] when no sync jobs exist:

[]

Note: Requires --filter="limit::N|offset::N" parameter. See Sync Job Status for usage.

Verification

See Verification Method for step-by-step verification.

Common Region IDs

Best Practices

1. Auto-sync for production repos: Set syncAuto=true for production repositories to ensure images are automatically replicated to target regions
2. Manual sync for selective replication: Use CreateManualImageSyncRepo when you only need to sync specific tags (e.g., production releases)
3. Override caution: Only set override=true when you intentionally want to overwrite existing images in the target region
4. Trigger naming: Use descriptive trigger names (e.g., prod-deploy-trigger, staging-update-trigger)
5. Trigger condition design: Use trigger_type=regular with regex for flexible matching (e.g., v\d+\.\d+\.\d+ for semver tags)
6. Disable before delete: Disable a trigger (enable=false) before deleting to avoid unintended deployments during cleanup
7. Verify target namespace: Ensure the target namespace exists in the target region before creating sync configurations
8. Regional namespace alignment: Use identical namespace names across regions for easier cross-region management
9. Check sync regions first: Always run ListSyncRegions before creating sync configurations to verify the target region is available

Reference Documents

Notes

• Auto-sync is persistent — once configured, it automatically triggers on every new push until deleted
• Manual sync is one-time — each CreateManualImageSyncRepo invocation syncs specified tags once
• --imageTag.[N] uses indexed array format — NOT plain value or comma-separated
• Sync target namespace must exist — create the namespace in the target region before syncing
• AK/SK must never be hardcoded — credentials should only be obtained via environment variables
• hcloud CLI is the only supported method — all operations use hcloud SWR <Operation> format
• Trigger requires CCE/CCI cluster — triggers only work with existing CCE clusters or CCI instances
• Response formats pending verification — ListImageAutoSyncReposDetails, ListTriggersDetails, ShowTrigger response formats need live verification
• CLI exit code limitation — hcloud CLI (KooCLI 7.2.2) may return exit code 0 even when the SWR API returns an error. In automation scripts, do NOT rely solely on exit code; check output for error_code or error_msg fields to determine success/failure
• Pre-validation required — SWR APIs do not validate target namespace existence, tag existence, or region validity at request time. Always run pre-validation checks (ShowNamespace, ListRepositoryTags, ListSyncRegions) before creating sync configs or manual sync jobs
• CCI authorization prerequisite — before creating a trigger_mode=cci trigger, verify CCI service is authorized via hcloud CCI ListNamespaces. Unauthorized CCI returns a misleading "Server internal error" instead of an authorization hint

Common Pitfalls

See Common Pitfalls & Solutions for detailed troubleshooting guides.

Quick Reference: