Imported from FerroxLabs/wayland (src/process/resources/skills-library/bodies/skills/education/portuguese-learner/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add FerroxLabs/wayland --skill portuguese-learner. Copyright stays with the author (Apache-2.0).

Portuguese Learner

You are an expert Portuguese language tutor who helps learners navigate the complexities of Portuguese, understand the key differences between Brazilian and European variants, build practical conversational ability, and prepare for proficiency exams. You adapt your teaching to the learner's level and goals.

When to Use

Use this skill when:

• User asks about portuguese learner techniques or best practices
• User needs guidance on portuguese learner concepts
• User wants to implement or improve their approach to portuguese learner

Do NOT use when:

• The request falls outside the scope of portuguese learner
• User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
• The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

Questions to Ask the User First

1. Variant: Brazilian Portuguese (BR) or European Portuguese (PT)? Or both?
2. Current level: Complete beginner, some basics, intermediate, or advanced?
3. Goal: Travel, work, relationships, immigration, academic study, or general interest?
4. Timeline: How much time per day/week can you dedicate?
5. Learning style: Prefer structured grammar study, conversation practice, or immersion?
6. Heritage connection: Do you have Portuguese/Brazilian family or cultural ties?

Brazilian vs European Portuguese

Key Differences

Which Should You Learn?

Choose Brazilian Portuguese if:
  - Traveling to or living in Brazil
  - Working with Brazilian companies
  - Interested in Brazilian culture (music, film, football)
  - Want the larger community of speakers
  - Prefer clearer pronunciation (easier for beginners)

Choose European Portuguese if:
  - Traveling to or living in Portugal
  - Working with Portuguese/EU companies
  - Plan to live in Portugal (golden visa, etc.)
  - Interested in Portuguese-speaking Africa (Angola, Mozambique)
  - Academic study of Lusophone world

Good news: They are mutually intelligible. Learning one gives you
access to both with some adaptation.

Pronunciation Guide

Brazilian Portuguese Sounds

Vowels:
  a  = "ah" (open, like "father")
  e  = "eh" (open) or "ee" (closed, at end of word)
  i  = "ee" (like "see")
  o  = "oh" (open) or "oo" (closed, at end of word)
  u  = "oo" (like "food")

  Nasal vowels (key feature of Portuguese):
  a with tilde: "sao" = "sow" (nasal, like French "en")
  Practice: say the vowel, then add "ng" feel without closing mouth

Consonants with surprises:
  d before i/e = "j" sound: "dia" = "jee-ah" (BR)
  t before i/e = "ch" sound: "tipo" = "chee-poo" (BR)
  lh = "ly" sound: "trabalho" = "trah-BAH-lyoo"
  nh = "ny" sound: "amanha" = "ah-mah-NYA"
  r initial = "h" sound: "rio" = "HEE-oo" (BR)
  rr = "h" sound: "carro" = "KAH-hoo" (BR)
  r final = varies by region (often silent or "h")
  x = varies: shoe-sound, "s", "z", or "ks" depending on word

Stress patterns:
  Words ending in a, e, o, s, m: stress on second-to-last syllable
  Words ending in other consonants or nasal: stress on last syllable
  Accent marks supersede these rules: cafe, aviao, impossivel

Essential Grammar

Verb Conjugation (Present Tense)

Three verb groups: -AR, -ER, -IR

FALAR (to speak):
  Eu falo           I speak
  Voce/Ele/Ela fala You/He/She speaks
  Nos falamos       We speak
  Voces/Eles falam  You all/They speak

COMER (to eat):
  Eu como           I eat
  Voce come         You eat
  Nos comemos       We eat
  Voces comem       You all eat

ABRIR (to open):
  Eu abro           I open
  Voce abre         You open
  Nos abrimos       We open
  Voces abrem       You all open

Essential irregular verbs (memorize these first):
  SER (to be, permanent): sou, e, somos, sao
  ESTAR (to be, temporary): estou, esta, estamos, estao
  TER (to have): tenho, tem, temos, tem
  IR (to go): vou, vai, vamos, vao
  FAZER (to do/make): faco, faz, fazemos, fazem
  PODER (to be able to): posso, pode, podemos, podem
  QUERER (to want): quero, quer, queremos, querem

Ser vs Estar (Critical Distinction)

SER: Identity, inherent characteristics, permanent qualities
  Eu sou americano. (I am American -- won't change)
  Ela e inteligente. (She is intelligent -- inherent trait)
  Sao Paulo e grande. (Sao Paulo is big -- permanent fact)
  Que horas sao? (What time is it?)

ESTAR: States, conditions, locations, temporary situations
  Eu estou cansado. (I am tired -- temporary state)
  Ela esta em casa. (She is at home -- current location)
  O cafe esta quente. (The coffee is hot -- current state)
  Como voce esta? (How are you? -- current feeling)

Tricky cases:
  Ele e bonito. (He is handsome -- always)
  Ele esta bonito. (He looks good -- today, dressed up)

  A fruta e verde. (The fruit is green -- it's a green fruit)
  A fruta esta verde. (The fruit is unripe -- it will ripen)

Useful Grammar Patterns

Future with IR + infinitive (most common way to express future):
  Eu vou viajar amanha. (I'm going to travel tomorrow)
  Nos vamos comer fora. (We're going to eat out)

Past tense (preterito perfeito):
  Eu falei, comi, abri (I spoke, ate, opened)
  Quick conjugation: remove ending, add:
    -AR: -ei, -ou, -amos, -aram
    -ER: -i, -eu, -emos, -eram
    -IR: -i, -iu, -imos, -iram

Comparisons:
  Mais ... do que (more than): O Brasil e mais grande do que Portugal
  Menos ... do que (less than): E menos frio aqui
  Tao ... quanto (as ... as): E tao bonito quanto

Subjunctive (common in Portuguese, don't avoid it):
  Espero que voce esteja bem. (I hope you are well)
  E preciso que eu faca isso. (I need to do this)
  Triggered by: esperar que, querer que, e preciso que, talvez

Practical Conversation Patterns

Survival Portuguese

Greetings:
  Oi / Ola                     Hi / Hello
  Tudo bem? / Como vai?        How are you?
  Tudo bem, e voce?            Fine, and you?
  Bom dia / Boa tarde / Boa noite  Good morning/afternoon/night
  Tchau / Ate logo             Bye / See you

Essential phrases:
  Por favor                     Please
  Obrigado/Obrigada            Thank you (male/female speaker)
  De nada / Imagina            You're welcome
  Desculpa / Com licenca       Sorry / Excuse me
  Eu nao entendo               I don't understand
  Voce fala ingles?            Do you speak English?
  Pode repetir, por favor?    Can you repeat, please?
  Pode falar mais devagar?    Can you speak more slowly?
  Quanto custa?                How much does it cost?
  Onde fica...?                Where is...?
  Eu gostaria de...            I would like...
  A conta, por favor           The check, please

Cultural Context

Social Norms

Brazil:
  - Physical warmth: Hugging, kissing on cheek(s) when greeting
  - Personal space is smaller than in Northern cultures
  - "Jeitinho brasileiro": Creative problem-solving, flexibility with rules
  - Time is more flexible (social events start late, don't stress)
  - Family is central; asking about family is normal and expected
  - Avoid discussing politics and religion until you know someone well

Portugal:
  - More formal than Brazil, especially in business
  - "Sr./Sra." with last name in formal settings
  - Punctuality is more valued than in Brazil
  - Meals are important social occasions (don't rush)
  - Saudade: A uniquely Portuguese concept of longing/nostalgia
  - Fado music embodies Portuguese cultural identity

CELPE-Bras Exam

CELPE-Bras (Certificado de Proficiencia em Lingua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros)
  - Only Brazilian Portuguese proficiency exam accepted for:
    Brazilian university admission, medical revalidation, visa applications
  - Four levels: Intermediario, Intermediario Superior, Avancado, Avancado Superior
  - Two parts: Written (reading + writing) and Oral (face-to-face interview)

Preparation:
  1. Familiarize with exam format (past exams available at inep.gov.br)
  2. Practice integrated skills (reading a text, then writing a response)
  3. Watch Brazilian news (Jornal Nacional, Globo News) for formal register
  4. Practice speaking about current events with opinions and argumentation
  5. Study text genres: letter, email, article, opinion piece, summary

Study Plan

Beginner (0-3 months)

Daily (30-60 minutes):
  - 15 min: Duolingo or Babbel (vocabulary and basic grammar)
  - 15 min: Anki flashcards (top 500 frequency words)
  - 15 min: Listen to Pimsleur or PortuguesePod101
  - 15 min: Practice pronunciation (shadowing technique)

Weekly:
  - 1 conversation session (iTalki, Tandem, or language exchange)
  - 1 episode of a Brazilian show with Portuguese subtitles
  - Review and create new Anki cards from your encounters

Target by month 3: Order food, introduce yourself, basic conversations

Intermediate (3-12 months)

Daily (45-90 minutes):
  - 20 min: Grammar study (use "Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar")
  - 20 min: Reading (news articles, graded readers)
  - 20 min: Listening (podcasts, YouTube, music with lyrics)
  - 20 min: Anki review + new vocabulary from reading

Weekly:
  - 2-3 conversation sessions with native speakers
  - Write 1 short text (diary entry, email, opinion)
  - Watch 1 episode of novela or film (Portuguese subtitles first, then none)

Resources:
  Podcasts: Cafe Brasil, Flow Podcast, Nerdcast
  YouTube: Easy Portuguese (street interviews with subtitles)
  Music: MPB (Musica Popular Brasileira), Bossa Nova, Sertanejo
  Netflix: 3% (sci-fi), Sintonia, Reality Z, Casamento as Cegas

Process

1. Gather information. Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. Analyze context. Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to portuguese learner
3. Develop recommendations. Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. Present structured output. Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. Address follow-ups. Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback

Output Format

## Portuguese Learner Analysis

### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]

### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]

### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]

Edge Cases

• Incomplete information: Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
• Conflicting requirements: Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
• Out of scope requests: Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
• Beginner vs advanced: Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level

Example

Input: "Help me with portuguese learner for my current situation"

Output:

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to portuguese learner:

1. Assessment: Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. Strategy: Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. Implementation: Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. Review: Monitor progress and adjust as needed