Imported from SecurityLab-UCD/InvPT (AGENTS.md). Install upstream with npx skills add SecurityLab-UCD/InvPT. Copyright stays with the author.

AGENTS.md

Project Overview

InvPT (Invariant Pre-training) is a research project for robust code representation learning. It continues pre-training encoder-based code models (GraphCodeBERT, ContraBERT) using semantic-preserving code transformations combined with contrastive learning and curriculum learning. The goal is to improve both downstream task performance and robustness against syntactically different but semantically equivalent programs (invariant programs).

Paper: Invariant Pre-training for Robust Code Representation Learning (ICSE 2026)

Repository Structure

InvPT/
├── modeling/              # Core training pipeline
│   ├── cli.py             # Typer CLI entry point (run / pretrain subcommands)
│   ├── config.py          # PretrainConfig dataclass, YAML config loading
│   ├── pretrain.py        # Pre-training logic (main function)
│   ├── model.py           # ContrastiveTrainer (MLM + InfoNCE loss)
│   ├── dataloader.py      # Data collation, AugType enum, CodeSearchNetExample
│   └── common.py          # Device setup, seed utilities
├── python_transform/      # Python AST-based code transformations
│   ├── transform.py       # Transformation orchestrator
│   ├── augment_pretrain.py# Batch augmentation for pre-training data
│   ├── src/               # Individual transformers (NodeTransformer subclasses)
│   └── tests/             # Unit tests for transformations
├── java_transform/        # Java code transformations via SPAT
│   ├── transform.py       # Transformation orchestrator
│   ├── augment_pretrain.py# Batch augmentation for pre-training data
│   ├── utils.py           # SPAT JAR interface
│   └── SPAT-linux.jar     # External Java transformation tool
├── cpp_transforms/        # C/C++ transformations via libclang
│   ├── transform.py       # Transformation orchestrator
│   └── transformations/   # Individual transformation modules
├── data/                  # Pre-training dataset scripts
│   └── get_code_search_net.py  # Downloads CodeSearchNet from HuggingFace
├── downstream/            # Fine-tuning & evaluation (7 tasks from CodeXGLUE)
│   ├── Clone-detection-POJ-104/
│   ├── Clone-detection-CodeNet/
│   ├── Clone-detection-BigCloneBench/
│   ├── Code-classification-POJ104/
│   ├── Code-classification-CodeNet/
│   ├── Defect-detection/
│   └── Code-translation/
├── plot/                  # t-SNE visualization of embeddings
│   └── visualize.py
├── experiments/            # YAML experiment configurations
│   ├── base.yaml          # Base supcon config (matches original run_pretrain.sh)
│   ├── grouped_example.yaml # Grouped contrastive mode example
│   └── modernbert_base.yaml # ModernBERT-base config (mean pooling)
├── saved_models/          # Pre-trained model checkpoints
├── run_pretrain.sh        # Pre-training launch script
├── clang.sh               # LLVM 14 installation script
├── pyproject.toml         # Dependencies (managed by uv)
└── .envrc                 # Environment variables (direnv)

Key Concepts

• Invariant programs: Semantically equivalent code with different syntax (variable names, loop structures, branching). These occur naturally in real codebases.
• Training loss: L = L_MLM(X) + L_MLM(X_inv) + alpha * L_InfoNCE(X, X_inv) where alpha=0.7.
• Curriculum learning: Self-contrast (easy, same code with different MLM masks) and invariant-contrast (hard, transformed code) are trained simultaneously with low learning rate.
• PL-only: Unlike prior work (CodeBERT, ContraBERT), InvPT removes natural language docstrings during pre-training.
• No MoCo: Uses a single shared encoder for original and transformed code, unlike ContraBERT which uses momentum contrast.
• Contrastive modes: info_nce (diagonal positives), supcon (multi-positive by function_id mask), grouped (grouped multi-key contrast with explicit aug grouping via --max_num_augs).
• Model types: roberta (RoBERTa/CodeBERT/ContraBERT, default) and modernbert (ModernBERT with RoPE, Flash Attention, 8K context). Configured via model_type in YAML configs.
• Pooling strategies: cls (CLS token, default for RoBERTa) and mean (mean pooling over non-padding tokens, recommended for ModernBERT).

Transformation Operators

Development Setup

uv sync                   # Install Python dependencies
source .envrc             # Load environment variables
./clang.sh                # Install LLVM 14 (for C/C++ transforms)

Requires: Python 3.11+, JDK 11+ (for Java transforms), LLVM 14 (for C/C++ transforms), transformers >= 4.48 (for ModernBERT support).

Running Tests

pytest python_transform/tests/

Pre-training Pipeline

1. Download data: cd data && python get_code_search_net.py
2. Augment Python: python python_transform/augment_pretrain.py -i data/raw_csn_py.jsonl -o data/aug_csn_py.jsonl
3. Augment Java: python java_transform/augment_pretrain.py -i data/raw_csn_java.jsonl -o data/aug_csn_java.jsonl
4. Combine: cat data/raw_csn.jsonl data/aug_csn_py.jsonl data/aug_csn_java.jsonl > data/csn.jsonl
5. Train: ./run_pretrain.sh or python modeling/cli.py run experiments/base.yaml

Pre-training runs for 50k steps on 4 GPUs with batch size 256, learning rate 5e-5, and 5000 warmup steps.

Experiment Configuration

The CLI (modeling/cli.py) has two subcommands:

• run — load a YAML config from experiments/ (no CLI overrides; edit the YAML to change parameters)
• pretrain — pass all parameters directly as CLI options (backward compatible)

# From a YAML config (recommended)
python modeling/cli.py run experiments/base.yaml

# Direct CLI options (backward compatible)
python modeling/cli.py pretrain --batch-size 64 --num-epochs 3 --model-name ./saved_models/ContraBERT_G

# See available subcommands / options
python modeling/cli.py --help
python modeling/cli.py run --help
python modeling/cli.py pretrain --help

To create a new experiment, copy an existing YAML file in experiments/ and modify the parameters.

Downstream Evaluation

Each task in downstream/ has a run.sh script:

cd downstream/Clone-detection-POJ-104
./run.sh <pretrained_model_path> <output_dir>

Pre-generated per-model evaluation scripts live in experiments_downstream/, including ModernBERT variants. Regenerate them with python3 experiments_downstream/gen_all.py.

Metrics: MAP@R for clone detection, accuracy for defect detection and code classification.

Code Conventions

• Type annotations are used throughout; checked with mypy (strict mode, see mypy.ini).
• Functional error handling via returns library (Maybe, Some, Nothing).
• Parallel processing via pathos (serializable lambdas).
• CLI interfaces use typer. Pre-training uses YAML configs via modeling/config.py.
• Experiment tracking via Weights & Biases (wandb).

Development Guidelines

Developing

• Before start working, refresh your knowledge from contents in .agents first.
• Always update README.md and CLAUDE.md when you introduce new features or libraries.
• Always write unit tests for integration testing and functional testing of new features.
• Always test your code after your implementation.
• Use pre-commit install --install-hooks (and optionally --hook-type pre-push) to enable local git hooks.
• You should not commit anything and create pull request, let human do them. However, please suggest commit messages after implementation.

1. Use .agents/sandbox/ for throwaway exploration that will not be committed.
2. Use .agents/notes/ for longer-term notes that may be useful later. Always write down your plans and reasoning for future reference when encountering major tasks, like adding a feature.
3. Use .agents/accomplished/ for recording completed tasks and the summary of what we did, this may be useful for future reference.

Common Tasks

• Add a new transformation operator: Implement it in the relevant *_transform/ directory. For Python, subclass ast.NodeTransformer; for Java, use a SPAT rule ID; for C/C++, use libclang AST traversal. Register it in the corresponding TRANSFORMATION_MAP.
• Change the contrastive loss: Modify ContrastiveTrainer.compute_loss() in modeling/model.py. Alternative loss functions (e.g., Barlow Twins) are already stubbed there.
• Add a new downstream task: Follow the CodeXGLUE structure in downstream/. Each task needs a code/ directory with training scripts, a dataset/ directory, and a run.sh entry point.