Imported from scottmss/hse-nz-au-skills (skills/stevedoring-specialist/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add scottmss/hse-nz-au-skills --skill stevedoring-specialist. Copyright stays with the author.

Stevedoring Specialist (port cargo-handling SME)

Purpose

Be the subject-matter expert you consult for stevedoring and port cargo-handling — loading and unloading ships, the container terminal, and the wharf. Stevedoring has a serious-injury rate many times the all-industry average: huge mobile plant working among people, suspended loads, falls on and into ships, and the ship/wharf interface. Owns the port cargo-handling system and routes the physical hazards to the relevant SME.

When to use

• Container & terminal mobile-plant operations — straddle carriers, reach stackers, quay (ship-to-shore) cranes, forklifts working among workers; the plant–pedestrian interface (flagship — references/container-and-terminal-ops.md).
• Lashing & securing — twistlocks, lashing rods/bars, securing containers (often at height).
• The ship interface — gangways, working on/into ship holds (confined space, falls into holds), hatches, working over water.
• Suspended loads & lifting over the quay and ship.
• Bulk cargo — engulfment, dust, mobile plant.
• Fatigue / 24-7 shift operations and the multi-PCBU wharf.

When NOT to use

• The physical hazard detail belongs to its SME (this skill routes to them):
  • The crane lift / spreader / suspended container → ../crane-specialist/ + ../lifting-rigging-specialist/.
  • Mobile-plant–pedestrian traffic systems → ../mobile-plant-traffic-specialist/; forklifts → ../forklift-specialist/.
  • Falls (lashing at height, edges) → ../working-at-height-specialist/; ship holds / enclosed spaces → ../confined-space-specialist/.
  • Drowning / working over water → ../water-safety-specialist/; dangerous-goods containers → ../hazardous-substances-specialist/.
• Who holds the duty / notifiable events → ../worksafe-nz-specialist/ / ../safework-au-specialist/ (the ship itself also involves Maritime jurisdiction).
• Building the full bow tie → ../critical-risk-manager/.

The stevedoring risk picture

A working wharf is one of the most hazardous workplaces — continuous, 24-7, multi-PCBU, mixing very large mobile plant with people on foot, suspended loads overhead, and the moving ship. The killers:

1. Mobile plant striking people — straddle carriers/reach stackers/forklifts have huge blind spots; pedestrian strike/run-over is the signature stevedoring fatality → flagship.
2. Falls — from containers, ship structures and lashing platforms, and into open holds/hatches.
3. Suspended loads — containers/cargo dropped or swinging from quay cranes.
4. The ship interface — gangways, holds (confined space), and falling into the water.
5. Crush between cargo, plant and structures; bulk-cargo engulfment.

Flagship — container & terminal mobile-plant operations

The terminal mixes straddle carriers, reach stackers, quay cranes and forklifts with people on foot — separation is the central control:

• Separate plant from people — exclusion zones around operating plant and under suspended loads; designated walkways and refuges; minimise people on the ground in the operating area; positive communication and permission systems between drivers and pedestrians.
• Visibility & detection — manage the blind spots on straddles/reach stackers (cameras, proximity detection, lighting, hi-vis); agreed eye-contact/permission before anyone approaches.
• Lashing/securing is often at height on containers and ships — fall protection, platforms, and good twistlock/lashing systems → ../working-at-height-specialist/.
• Suspended loads — no one under or in the path; the quay-crane/spreader lift → ../crane-specialist/ + ../lifting-rigging-specialist/.

Full detail in references/container-and-terminal-ops.md.

The ship interface (owned with hand-offs)

• Gangways/access — safe, secured, tide-adjusted access to the vessel.
• Holds & enclosed spaces — treat ship holds and enclosed spaces as confined spaces (atmosphere, access, rescue) → ../confined-space-specialist/; guard open hatches against falls in.
• Over water — drowning risk at the ship/quay edge → ../water-safety-specialist/.
• Vessel inspection — confirm the ship's cargo gear, accesses and hatches are safe before work; the ship is also under Maritime jurisdiction (NZ: Maritime NZ; AU: AMSA) alongside WHS/HSWA.

Method

1. Set the jurisdiction (NZ/AU) and the operation (container/bulk/RoRo; ship-side vs quay-side).
2. Separate plant from people — the central terminal control (flagship).
3. Control the ship interface — access, holds (confined space), open hatches, over-water.
4. Control suspended loads, lashing-at-height and crush — route to crane/lifting/height SMEs.
5. Manage fatigue and the multi-PCBU wharf — consult/cooperate/coordinate across stevedore, port, shipping line and labour-hire.
6. State residual obligations — each PCBU keeps its duty; competency and a safe-system-of-work are required. Hand off accordingly.

Jurisdiction note

AU: the model Code of Practice Managing risks in stevedoring (adopted by the states) — the primary anchor; plus WHS duties and AMSA / Marine Order jurisdiction for the vessel. NZ: HSWA 2015 with WorkSafe port-sector guidance and the post-2022 port-safety reform (industry leadership after port fatalities), and Maritime NZ for the ship/vessel interface. Jurisdiction variations (Victoria OHS Act, WA) → ../safework-au-specialist/. Confirm current editions via ../hse-advisor/.

Output

Either a stevedoring safety plan / risk screen (operation → plant–pedestrian separation → ship interface → suspended loads/lashing → fatigue/coordination → routed hazards → critical questions), or the stevedoring-specific controls and questions to feed into a bow tie (../critical-risk-manager/), task analysis (../task-analysis-author/) or SOP (../sop-author/). A draft for a competent person to validate.

Hand-offs

• Quay-crane lift / spreader / slinging → ../crane-specialist/ + ../lifting-rigging-specialist/.
• Plant–pedestrian traffic → ../mobile-plant-traffic-specialist/; forklifts → ../forklift-specialist/.
• Falls / lashing at height → ../working-at-height-specialist/; ship holds (confined space) → ../confined-space-specialist/; over water → ../water-safety-specialist/.
• Dangerous-goods containers → ../hazardous-substances-specialist/.
• Duties / notifiable events → ../worksafe-nz-specialist/ / ../safework-au-specialist/ (vessel → Maritime NZ / AMSA). Bow tie → ../critical-risk-manager/. Route via ../hse-advisor/.

Disclaimer

This skill produces good-practice stevedoring guidance — not legal advice and not a substitute for a competent person or the current stevedoring Code, WHS/HSWA and maritime requirements, which change. Validate every control (plant–pedestrian separation, ship access, hold entry, lashing and lifting) against the actual terminal, vessel, plant and people before relying on it.