Imported from Norfolk-Group/marcela-norfolk-ai (skills/compound-engineering/skills/ce-plan/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add Norfolk-Group/marcela-norfolk-ai --skill ce-plan. Copyright stays with the author.

Create Technical Plan

Note: The current year is 2026. Use this when dating plans and searching for recent documentation.

ce-brainstorm defines WHAT to build. ce-plan defines HOW to build it. ce-work executes the plan. A prior brainstorm is useful context but never required — ce-plan works from any input: a requirements doc, a bug report, a feature idea, or a rough description.

When directly invoked, always plan. Never classify a direct invocation as "not a planning task" and abandon the workflow. If the input is unclear, ask clarifying questions or use the planning bootstrap (Phase 0.4) to establish enough context — but always stay in the planning workflow.

This workflow produces a durable implementation plan. It does not implement code, run tests, or learn from execution-time results. If the answer depends on changing code and seeing what happens, that belongs in ce-work, not here.

Interaction Method

When asking the user a question, use the platform's blocking question tool: AskUserQuestion in Claude Code (call ToolSearch with select:AskUserQuestion first if its schema isn't loaded), request_user_input in Codex, ask_user in Gemini, ask_user in Pi (requires the pi-ask-user extension). Fall back to numbered options in chat only when no blocking tool exists in the harness or the call errors (e.g., Codex edit modes) — not because a schema load is required. Never silently skip the question.

Ask one question at a time. Prefer a concise single-select choice when natural options exist.

Feature Description

<feature_description> #$ARGUMENTS </feature_description>

If the feature description above is empty, ask the user: "What would you like to plan? Describe the task, goal, or project you have in mind." Then wait for their response before continuing.

If the input is present but unclear or underspecified, do not abandon — ask one or two clarifying questions, or proceed to Phase 0.4's planning bootstrap to establish enough context. The goal is always to help the user plan, never to exit the workflow.

IMPORTANT: All file references in the plan document must use repo-relative paths (e.g., src/models/user.rb), never absolute paths (e.g., /Users/name/Code/project/src/models/user.rb). This applies everywhere — implementation unit file lists, pattern references, origin document links, and prose mentions. Absolute paths break portability across machines, worktrees, and teammates.

Core Principles

1. Use requirements as the source of truth - If ce-brainstorm produced a requirements document, planning should build from it rather than re-inventing behavior.
2. Decisions, not code - Capture approach, boundaries, files, dependencies, risks, and test scenarios. Do not pre-write implementation code or shell command choreography. Pseudo-code sketches or DSL grammars that communicate high-level technical design are welcome when they help a reviewer validate direction — but they must be explicitly framed as directional guidance, not implementation specification.
3. Research before structuring - Explore the codebase, institutional learnings, and external guidance when warranted before finalizing the plan.
4. Right-size the artifact - Small work gets a compact plan. Large work gets more structure. The philosophy stays the same at every depth.
5. Separate planning from execution discovery - Resolve planning-time questions here. Explicitly defer execution-time unknowns to implementation.
6. Keep the plan portable - The plan should work as a living document, review artifact, or issue body without embedding tool-specific executor instructions.
7. Carry execution posture lightly when it matters - If the request, origin document, or repo context clearly implies test-first, characterization-first, or another non-default execution posture, reflect that in the plan as a lightweight signal. Do not turn the plan into step-by-step execution choreography.
8. Honor user-named resources - When the user names a specific resource — a CLI, MCP server, URL, file, doc link, or prior artifact — treat it as authoritative input, not a suggestion. Discover it if unknown (command -v, fetch, read) before assuming it's unavailable. Use it in place of generic alternatives. If it fails or doesn't exist, say so explicitly rather than silently substituting.

Plan Quality Bar

Every plan should contain:

• A clear problem frame and scope boundary
• Concrete requirements traceability back to the request or origin document
• Repo-relative file paths for the work being proposed (never absolute paths — see Planning Rules)
• Explicit test file paths for feature-bearing implementation units
• Decisions with rationale, not just tasks
• Existing patterns or code references to follow
• Enumerated test scenarios for each feature-bearing unit, specific enough that an implementer knows exactly what to test without inventing coverage themselves
• Clear dependencies and sequencing

A plan is ready when an implementer can start confidently without needing the plan to write the code for them.

Workflow

Phase 0: Resume, Source, and Scope

0.1 Resume Existing Plan Work When Appropriate

If the user references an existing plan file or there is an obvious recent matching plan in docs/plans/:

• Read it
• Confirm whether to update it in place or create a new plan
• If updating, revise only the still-relevant sections. Plans do not carry per-unit progress state — progress is derived from git by ce-work, so there is no progress to preserve across edits

Deepen intent: The word "deepen" (or "deepening") in reference to a plan is the primary trigger for the deepening fast path. When the user says "deepen the plan", "deepen my plan", "run a deepening pass", or similar, the target document is a plan in docs/plans/, not a requirements document. Use any path, keyword, or context the user provides to identify the right plan. If a path is provided, verify it is actually a plan document. If the match is not obvious, confirm with the user before proceeding.

Words like "strengthen", "confidence", "gaps", and "rigor" are NOT sufficient on their own to trigger deepening. These words appear in normal editing requests ("strengthen that section about the diagram", "there are gaps in the test scenarios") and should not cause a holistic deepening pass. Only treat them as deepening intent when the request clearly targets the plan as a whole and does not name a specific section or content area to change — and even then, prefer to confirm with the user before entering the deepening flow.

Once the plan is identified and appears complete (all major sections present, implementation units defined, status: active):

• If the plan lacks YAML frontmatter (non-software plans use a simple # Title heading with Created: date instead of frontmatter), route to references/universal-planning.md for editing or deepening instead of Phase 5.3. Non-software plans do not use the software confidence check.
• Otherwise, short-circuit to Phase 5.3 (Confidence Check and Deepening) in interactive mode. This avoids re-running the full planning workflow and gives the user control over which findings are integrated.

Normal editing requests (e.g., "update the test scenarios", "add a new implementation unit", "strengthen the risk section") should NOT trigger the fast path — they follow the standard resume flow.

If the plan already has a deepened: YYYY-MM-DD frontmatter field and there is no explicit user request to re-deepen, the fast path still applies the same confidence-gap evaluation — it does not force deepening.

0.1b Classify Task Domain

If the task involves building, modifying, or architecting software (references code, repos, APIs, databases, or asks to build/modify/deploy), continue to Phase 0.2.

If the domain is genuinely ambiguous (e.g., "plan a migration" with no other context), ask the user before routing.

Otherwise, read references/universal-planning.md and follow that workflow instead. Skip all subsequent phases. Named tools or source links don't change this routing — they're inputs, handled per Core Principle 8.

0.2 Find Upstream Requirements Document

Before asking planning questions, search docs/brainstorms/ for files matching *-requirements.md.

Relevance criteria: A requirements document is relevant if:

• The topic semantically matches the feature description
• It was created within the last 30 days (use judgment to override if the document is clearly still relevant or clearly stale)
• It appears to cover the same user problem or scope

If multiple source documents match, ask which one to use using the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method). Otherwise, present numbered options in chat and wait for the user's reply before proceeding.

0.3 Use the Source Document as Primary Input

If a relevant requirements document exists:

1. Read it thoroughly
2. Announce that it will serve as the origin document for planning
3. Carry forward all of the following:
   • Problem frame
   • Actors (A-IDs), Key Flows (F-IDs), and Acceptance Examples (AE-IDs) when present — preserve these as constraints that implementation units must honor
   • Requirements and success criteria
   • Scope boundaries (including "Deferred for later" and "Outside this product's identity" subsections when present)
   • Key decisions and rationale
   • Dependencies or assumptions
   • Outstanding questions, preserving whether they are blocking or deferred
4. Use the source document as the primary input to planning and research
5. Reference important carried-forward decisions in the plan with (see origin: <source-path>)
6. Do not silently omit source content — if the origin document discussed it, the plan must address it even if briefly. Before finalizing, scan each section of the origin document to verify nothing was dropped.

If no relevant requirements document exists, planning may proceed from the user's request directly.

0.4 Planning Bootstrap (No Requirements Doc or Unclear Input)

If no relevant requirements document exists, or the input needs more structure:

• Assess whether the request is already clear enough for direct technical planning — if so, continue to Phase 0.5
• If the ambiguity is mainly product framing, user behavior, or scope definition, recommend ce-brainstorm as a suggestion — but always offer to continue planning here as well
• If the user wants to continue here (or was already explicit about wanting a plan), run the planning bootstrap below

The planning bootstrap should establish:

• Problem frame
• Intended behavior
• Scope boundaries and obvious non-goals
• Success criteria
• Blocking questions or assumptions

Keep this bootstrap brief. It exists to preserve direct-entry convenience, not to replace a full brainstorm.

If the bootstrap uncovers major unresolved product questions:

• Recommend ce-brainstorm again
• If the user still wants to continue, require explicit assumptions before proceeding

If the bootstrap reveals that a different workflow would serve the user better:

• Bug-shaped prompt (user describes broken behavior — "fix the bug where X", error message, regression, "doesn't work"). Surface ce-debug as a route-out option alongside continuing with ce-plan whenever the bug surface is reachable (in cwd OR named repo found at another local path). Stay in ce-plan silently when the named code can't be found anywhere local — paper-planning is the only useful output for unreachable surfaces.

  When the bug is at another local path (not cwd):

  • Announce the target explicitly before any cross-repo investigation: which path will be read AND where plan outputs will land (default: target repo's docs/plans/, not cwd's).
  • Default: proceed from the target repo for both investigation and plan-write. The user can interrupt to redirect (switch context, paper-plan, abandon, etc.). No location menu — the announcement makes the cross-repo nature visible, and the user can speak up if they want something unusual.
  • After announcing and proceeding, fire the standard ce-debug routing menu (continue with ce-plan vs switch to ce-debug) — same shape as the in-cwd case. Cross-repo location and ce-debug skill routing are orthogonal decisions; do not merge them into a single question.

  Reading code at another path is fine in principle — that's just file access. The harm to avoid is silent operation on the wrong repo, especially writing the plan doc somewhere it won't be discovered (a busyblock plan landing in cli-printing-press/docs/plans/ is a discoverability disaster). The announcement requirement makes the target visible; defaulting to the target repo for both investigation and outputs respects the user's stated intent (they named that repo); the orthogonal ce-debug menu keeps the skill-choice question clean.

  The accessibility classification is conservative and may under-suggest in monorepos, dependency bugs, or after renames. Users can always invoke /ce-debug manually.

  Headless mode: skip the ce-debug suggestion menu entirely; default to continuing with /ce-plan (the user's explicit invocation). There is no synchronous user to resolve a route-out choice, and auto-routing to ce-debug would change the skill mid-flight without authorization.

• Clear task ready to execute (known root cause, obvious fix, no architectural decisions) — suggest ce-work as a faster alternative alongside continuing with planning. The user decides.

0.5 Classify Outstanding Questions Before Planning

If the origin document contains Resolve Before Planning or similar blocking questions:

• Review each one before proceeding
• Reclassify it into planning-owned work only if it is actually a technical, architectural, or research question
• Keep it as a blocker if it would change product behavior, scope, or success criteria

If true product blockers remain:

• Surface them clearly
• Ask the user, using the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method), whether to:
  1. Resume ce-brainstorm to resolve them
  2. Convert them into explicit assumptions or decisions and continue
• Do not continue planning while true blockers remain unresolved

0.6 Assess Plan Depth

Classify the work into one of these plan depths:

• Lightweight - small, well-bounded, low ambiguity
• Standard - normal feature or bounded refactor with some technical decisions to document
• Deep - cross-cutting, strategic, high-risk, or highly ambiguous implementation work

If depth is unclear, ask one targeted question and then continue.

0.7 Solo-Mode Scope Summary

STOP. Before composing the synthesis, read references/synthesis-summary.md. The discipline rules, prose-summary requirement, three-bucket structure, anti-pattern guidance, soft-cut behavior, self-redirect support, content focus for the solo variant, and bucket-content routing into plan body sections all live there. Composing a synthesis without these rules loaded reliably produces malformed output — missing prose summary, implementation-detail leakage, the proposal-pitch anti-pattern. This is not optional supplementary reading; it is the source of truth for how the phase behaves.

Surface a synthesis to the user — the agent's interpretation of scope after the brief Phase 0.4 bootstrap — so scope can be corrected before Phase 1 research is spent. Sub-agent dispatch (repo-research-analyst, learnings-researcher, etc.) is the expensive next step this phase guards against wasted effort on.

Fires only in solo invocation — when Phase 0.2 found no upstream brainstorm doc AND Phase 0.4 stayed in ce-plan (did not route to ce-debug, ce-work, or universal-planning) AND Phase 0.5 cleared (no unresolved blockers) AND not on Phase 0.1 fast paths (resume normal, deepen-intent). Each guard is an explicit conditional. Skip Phase 0.7 entirely when any guard fails — brainstorm-sourced invocations defer to Phase 5.1.5 instead.

Headless mode: synthesis is composed but not confirmed (no synchronous user). Continue to Phase 1 research as normal. At plan-write time (Phase 5.2), Inferred bets route to a ## Assumptions section in the plan instead of Key Technical Decisions. See references/synthesis-summary.md Headless mode for the full routing.

Phase 1: Gather Context

1.1 Local Research (Always Runs)

Prepare a concise planning context summary (a paragraph or two) to pass as input to the research agents:

• If an origin document exists, summarize the problem frame, requirements, and key decisions from that document
• Otherwise use the feature description directly
• If STRATEGY.md exists, read it and include the relevant pieces (target problem, approach, active tracks) in the summary so downstream research and planning decisions are anchored to product strategy

Run these agents in parallel:

• Task ce-repo-research-analyst(Scope: technology, architecture, patterns. {planning context summary})
• Task ce-learnings-researcher(planning context summary) Collect:
• Technology stack and versions (used in section 1.2 to make sharper external research decisions)
• Architectural patterns and conventions to follow
• Implementation patterns, relevant files, modules, and tests
• AGENTS.md guidance that materially affects the plan, with CLAUDE.md used only as compatibility fallback when present
• Institutional learnings from docs/solutions/
• Product strategy context when STRATEGY.md is present — flag any plan decisions that pull away from the active tracks or the stated approach

Slack context (opt-in) — never auto-dispatch. Route by condition:

• Tools available + user asked: Dispatch ce-slack-researcher with the planning context summary in parallel with other Phase 1.1 agents. If the origin document has a Slack context section, pass it verbatim so the researcher focuses on gaps. Include findings in consolidation.
• Tools available + user didn't ask: Note in output: "Slack tools detected. Ask me to search Slack for organizational context at any point, or include it in your next prompt."
• No tools + user asked: Note in output: "Slack context was requested but no Slack tools are available. Install and authenticate the Slack plugin to enable organizational context search."

1.1b Detect Execution Posture Signals

Decide whether the plan should carry a lightweight execution posture signal.

Look for signals such as:

• The user explicitly asks for TDD, test-first, or characterization-first work
• The origin document calls for test-first implementation or exploratory hardening of legacy code
• Local research shows the target area is legacy, weakly tested, or historically fragile, suggesting characterization coverage before changing behavior

When the signal is clear, carry it forward silently in the relevant implementation units.

Ask the user only if the posture would materially change sequencing or risk and cannot be responsibly inferred.

1.2 Decide on External Research

Based on the origin document, user signals, and local findings, decide whether external research adds value.

Read between the lines. Pay attention to signals from the conversation so far:

• User familiarity — Are they pointing to specific files or patterns? They likely know the codebase well.
• User intent — Do they want speed or thoroughness? Exploration or execution?
• Topic risk — Security, payments, external APIs warrant more caution regardless of user signals.
• Uncertainty level — Is the approach clear or still open-ended?

Leverage ce-repo-research-analyst's technology context:

The ce-repo-research-analyst output includes a structured Technology & Infrastructure summary. Use it to make sharper external research decisions:

• If specific frameworks and versions were detected (e.g., Rails 7.2, Next.js 14, Go 1.22), pass those exact identifiers to ce-framework-docs-researcher so it fetches version-specific documentation
• If the feature touches a technology layer the scan found well-established in the repo (e.g., existing Sidekiq jobs when planning a new background job), lean toward skipping external research -- local patterns are likely sufficient
• If the feature touches a technology layer the scan found absent or thin (e.g., no existing proto files when planning a new gRPC service), lean toward external research -- there are no local patterns to follow
• If the scan detected deployment infrastructure (Docker, K8s, serverless), note it in the planning context passed to downstream agents so they can account for deployment constraints
• If the scan detected a monorepo and scoped to a specific service, pass that service's tech context to downstream research agents -- not the aggregate of all services. If the scan surfaced the workspace map without scoping, use the feature description to identify the relevant service before proceeding with research

Always lean toward external research when:

• The topic is high-risk: security, payments, privacy, external APIs, migrations, compliance
• The codebase lacks relevant local patterns -- fewer than 3 direct examples of the pattern this plan needs
• Local patterns exist for an adjacent domain but not the exact one -- e.g., the codebase has HTTP clients but not webhook receivers, or has background jobs but not event-driven pub/sub. Adjacent patterns suggest the team is comfortable with the technology layer but may not know domain-specific pitfalls. When this signal is present, frame the external research query around the domain gap specifically, not the general technology
• The user is exploring unfamiliar territory
• The technology scan found the relevant layer absent or thin in the codebase

Skip external research when:

• The codebase already shows a strong local pattern -- multiple direct examples (not adjacent-domain), recently touched, following current conventions
• The user already knows the intended shape
• Additional external context would add little practical value
• The technology scan found the relevant layer well-established with existing examples to follow

Announce the decision briefly before continuing. Examples:

• "Your codebase has solid patterns for this. Proceeding without external research."
• "This involves payment processing, so I'll research current best practices first."

1.3 External Research (Conditional)

If Step 1.2 indicates external research is useful, run these agents in parallel:

• Task ce-best-practices-researcher(planning context summary)
• Task ce-framework-docs-researcher(planning context summary)

1.4 Consolidate Research

Summarize:

• Relevant codebase patterns and file paths
• Relevant institutional learnings
• Organizational context from Slack conversations, if gathered (prior discussions, decisions, or domain knowledge relevant to the feature)
• External references and best practices, if gathered
• Related issues, PRs, or prior art
• Any constraints that should materially shape the plan

1.4b Reclassify Depth When Research Reveals External Contract Surfaces

If the current classification is Lightweight and Phase 1 research found that the work touches any of these external contract surfaces, reclassify to Standard:

• Environment variables consumed by external systems, CI, or other repositories
• Exported public APIs, CLI flags, or command-line interface contracts
• CI/CD configuration files (.github/workflows/, Dockerfile, deployment scripts)
• Shared types or interfaces imported by downstream consumers
• Documentation referenced by external URLs or linked from other systems

This ensures flow analysis (Phase 1.5) runs and the confidence check (Phase 5.3) applies critical-section bonuses. Announce the reclassification briefly: "Reclassifying to Standard — this change touches [environment variables / exported APIs / CI config] with external consumers."

1.5 Flow and Edge-Case Analysis (Conditional)

For Standard or Deep plans, or when user flow completeness is still unclear, run:

• Task ce-spec-flow-analyzer(planning context summary, research findings)

Use the output to:

• Identify missing edge cases, state transitions, or handoff gaps
• Tighten requirements trace or verification strategy
• Add only the flow details that materially improve the plan

Phase 2: Resolve Planning Questions

Build a planning question list from:

• Deferred questions in the origin document
• Gaps discovered in repo or external research
• Technical decisions required to produce a useful plan

For each question, decide whether it should be:

• Resolved during planning - the answer is knowable from repo context, documentation, or user choice
• Deferred to implementation - the answer depends on code changes, runtime behavior, or execution-time discovery

Ask the user only when the answer materially affects architecture, scope, sequencing, or risk and cannot be responsibly inferred. Use the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method).

Do not run tests, build the app, or probe runtime behavior in this phase. The goal is a strong plan, not partial execution.

Phase 3: Structure the Plan

3.1 Title and File Naming

• Draft a clear, searchable title using conventional format such as feat: Add user authentication or fix: Prevent checkout double-submit
• Determine the plan type: feat, fix, or refactor
• Build the filename following the repository convention: docs/plans/YYYY-MM-DD-NNN-<type>-<descriptive-name>-plan.md
  • Create docs/plans/ if it does not exist
  • Check existing files for today's date to determine the next sequence number (zero-padded to 3 digits, starting at 001)
  • Keep the descriptive name concise (3-5 words) and kebab-cased
  • Examples: 2026-01-15-001-feat-user-authentication-flow-plan.md, 2026-02-03-002-fix-checkout-race-condition-plan.md
  • Avoid: missing sequence numbers, vague names like "new-feature", invalid characters (colons, spaces)

3.2 Stakeholder and Impact Awareness

For Standard or Deep plans, briefly consider who is affected by this change — end users, developers, operations, other teams — and how that should shape the plan. For cross-cutting work, note affected parties in the System-Wide Impact section.

3.3 Break Work into Implementation Units

Break the work into logical implementation units. Each unit should represent one meaningful change that an implementer could typically land as an atomic commit.

Good units are:

• Focused on one component, behavior, or integration seam
• Usually touching a small cluster of related files
• Ordered by dependency
• Concrete enough for execution without pre-writing code

Avoid:

• 2-5 minute micro-steps
• Units that span multiple unrelated concerns
• Units that are so vague an implementer still has to invent the plan

Each unit carries a stable plan-local U-ID assigned in Phase 3.5 (U1, U2, …). U-IDs survive reordering, splitting, and deletion: new units take the next unused number, gaps are fine, and existing IDs are never renumbered. This lets ce-work reference units unambiguously across plan edits.

3.4 High-Level Technical Design (Optional)

Before detailing implementation units, decide whether an overview would help a reviewer validate the intended approach. This section communicates the shape of the solution — how pieces fit together — without dictating implementation.

When to include it:

When to skip it:

• Well-patterned work where prose and file paths tell the whole story
• Straightforward CRUD or convention-following changes
• Lightweight plans where the approach is obvious

Choose the medium that fits the work. Do not default to pseudo-code when a diagram communicates better, and vice versa.

Frame every sketch with: "This illustrates the intended approach and is directional guidance for review, not implementation specification. The implementing agent should treat it as context, not code to reproduce."

Keep sketches concise — enough to validate direction, not enough to copy-paste into production.

3.4b Output Structure (Optional)

For greenfield plans that create a new directory structure (new plugin, service, package, or module), include an ## Output Structure section with a file tree showing the expected layout. This gives reviewers the overall shape before diving into per-unit details.

When to include it:

• The plan creates 3+ new files in a new directory hierarchy
• The directory layout itself is a meaningful design decision

When to skip it:

• The plan only modifies existing files
• The plan creates 1-2 files in an existing directory — the per-unit file lists are sufficient

The tree is a scope declaration showing the expected output shape. It is not a constraint — the implementer may adjust the structure if implementation reveals a better layout. The per-unit **Files:** sections remain authoritative for what each unit creates or modifies.

3.5 Define Each Implementation Unit

Each unit's heading carries a stable U-ID prefix matching the format used for R/A/F/AE in requirements docs: - U1. **[Name]**. The prefix is plain text, not bolded — the bold is reserved for the unit name. Number sequentially within the plan starting at U1. Do not prefix units with - [ ] / - [x] checkbox markers; the plan is a decision artifact, and execution progress is derived from git by ce-work rather than stored in the plan body.

Stability rule. Once assigned, a U-ID is never renumbered. Reordering units leaves their IDs in place (e.g., U1, U3, U5 in their new order is correct; renumbering to U1, U2, U3 is not). Splitting a unit keeps the original U-ID on the original concept and assigns the next unused number to the new unit. Deletion leaves a gap; gaps are fine. This rule matters most during deepening (Phase 5.3), which is the most likely accidental-renumber vector.

For each unit, include:

• Goal - what this unit accomplishes
• Requirements - which requirements or success criteria it advances (cite R-IDs, and A/F/AE IDs when origin supplies them)
• Dependencies - what must exist first (cite by U-ID, e.g., "U1, U3")
• Files - repo-relative file paths to create, modify, or test (never absolute paths)
• Approach - key decisions, data flow, component boundaries, or integration notes
• Execution note - optional, only when the unit benefits from a non-default execution posture such as test-first or characterization-first
• Technical design - optional pseudo-code or diagram when the unit's approach is non-obvious and prose alone would leave it ambiguous. Frame explicitly as directional guidance, not implementation specification
• Patterns to follow - existing code or conventions to mirror
• Test scenarios - enumerate the specific test cases the implementer should write, right-sized to the unit's complexity and risk. Consider each category below and include scenarios from every category that applies to this unit. A simple config change may need one scenario; a payment flow may need a dozen. The quality signal is specificity — each scenario should name the input, action, and expected outcome so the implementer doesn't have to invent coverage. For units with no behavioral change (pure config, scaffolding, styling), use Test expectation: none -- [reason] instead of leaving the field blank. AE-link convention: when a test scenario directly enforces an origin Acceptance Example, prefix it with Covers AE<N>. (or Covers F<N> / AE<N>.). This is sparse-by-design — most test scenarios are finer-grained than AEs and do not link. Do not force AE links onto tests that only cover lower-level implementation details.
  • Happy path behaviors - core functionality with expected inputs and outputs
  • Edge cases (when the unit has meaningful boundaries) - boundary values, empty inputs, nil/null states, concurrent access
  • Error and failure paths (when the unit has failure modes) - invalid input, downstream service failures, timeout behavior, permission denials
  • Integration scenarios (when the unit crosses layers) - behaviors that mocks alone will not prove, e.g., "creating X triggers callback Y which persists Z". Include these for any unit touching callbacks, middleware, or multi-layer interactions
• Verification - how an implementer should know the unit is complete, expressed as outcomes rather than shell command scripts

Every feature-bearing unit should include the test file path in **Files:**.

Use Execution note sparingly. Good uses include:

• Execution note: Start with a failing integration test for the request/response contract.
• Execution note: Add characterization coverage before modifying this legacy parser.
• Execution note: Implement new domain behavior test-first.

Do not expand units into literal RED/GREEN/REFACTOR substeps.

3.6 Keep Planning-Time and Implementation-Time Unknowns Separate

If something is important but not knowable yet, record it explicitly under deferred implementation notes rather than pretending to resolve it in the plan.

Examples:

• Exact method or helper names
• Final SQL or query details after touching real code
• Runtime behavior that depends on seeing actual test failures
• Refactors that may become unnecessary once implementation starts

3.7 Anti-Expansion: Tangential Cleanup and Scope Creep Go to Deferred

Distinct from 3.6 (which is about unknowns at plan time): 3.7 is about known but tangential work that the agent notices while planning but that falls outside the user's confirmed scope. When research surfaces an adjacent refactor, a "while we're here" cleanup, or a scope-adjacent nice-to-have ("we could also add rate limiting"), route it to the existing ### Deferred to Follow-Up Work subsection in Scope Boundaries (Phase 4.2 Core Plan Template), not into active Implementation Units.

This reinforces the synthesis discipline established at Phase 0.7 / Phase 5.1.5 — the user's confirmed scope is what the active plan executes; everything else is deferred. Does NOT impose architectural bias on extend-vs-invent decisions within confirmed scope — that judgment stays with the agent (and is surfaced via the Phase 5.1.5 synthesis when material). The user's explicit ask overrides this default — if the user explicitly requested a refactor, it's in-scope, not deferred.

Phase 4: Write the Plan

NEVER CODE during this skill. Research, decide, and write the plan — do not start implementation.

Use one planning philosophy across all depths. Change the amount of detail, not the boundary between planning and execution.

4.1 Plan Depth Guidance

Lightweight

• Keep the plan compact
• Usually 2-4 implementation units
• Omit optional sections that add little value

Standard

• Use the full core template, omitting optional sections (including High-Level Technical Design) that add no value for this particular work
• Usually 3-6 implementation units
• Include risks, deferred questions, and system-wide impact when relevant

Deep

• Use the full core template plus optional analysis sections where warranted
• Usually 4-8 implementation units
• Group units into phases when that improves clarity
• Include alternatives considered, documentation impacts, and deeper risk treatment when warranted

4.1b Optional Deep Plan Extensions

For sufficiently large, risky, or cross-cutting work, add the sections that genuinely help:

• Alternative Approaches Considered
• Success Metrics
• Dependencies / Prerequisites
• Risk Analysis & Mitigation
• Phased Delivery
• Documentation Plan
• Operational / Rollout Notes
• Future Considerations only when they materially affect current design

Do not add these as boilerplate. Include them only when they improve execution quality or stakeholder alignment.

Alternatives Considered — what to vary. When this section is included, alternatives must differ on how the work is built: architecture, sequencing, boundaries, integration pattern, rollout strategy. Tiny implementation variants (which hash function, which serialization format) belong in Key Technical Decisions, not Alternatives. Product-shape alternatives (different actors, different core outcome, different positioning) belong in ce-brainstorm, not here — surface them back upstream rather than re-litigating product questions during planning.

4.2 Core Plan Template

Omit clearly inapplicable optional sections, especially for Lightweight plans.

---
title: [Plan Title]
type: [feat|fix|refactor]
status: active
date: YYYY-MM-DD
origin: docs/brainstorms/YYYY-MM-DD-<topic>-requirements.md  # include when planning from a requirements doc
deepened: YYYY-MM-DD  # optional, set when the confidence check substantively strengthens the plan
---

# [Plan Title]

## Summary

[1-3 line prose summary — what the plan is proposing, in plain language. Forward-looking. With an origin requirements doc, focus on HOW the implementation approaches the work (the WHAT is in origin); without one, carry both WHAT scope and HOW execution. Required for all tiers; skip only for truly-trivial plans (≤ 2 Requirements bullets that echo the prompt).]

---

## Problem Frame

[Backward-looking / situational: the user/business problem and context that motivates this plan. Establishes the pain — does NOT restate the proposal (that lives in Summary). With an origin requirements doc, keep this brief (1-2 sentences plus any plan-specific framing) and link to origin via Sources & References. Without one, carry the full pain narrative. **Omit entirely at Lightweight tier when Summary already carries the situational context** — a focused bug fix or one-line change rarely needs both sections.]

---

<!-- Include ONLY in non-interactive (headless) mode when the agent had Inferred bets that
     were not user-confirmed. Lists the un-validated agent inferences explicitly so downstream
     review (ce-doc-review, ce-work, human PR review) can scrutinize them as bets, not as
     authoritative decisions. Omit entirely in interactive mode — Inferred bets get user-
     corrected in chat and become Key Technical Decisions or are revised away. -->
## Assumptions

*This plan was authored without synchronous user confirmation. The items below are agent inferences that fill gaps in the input — un-validated bets that should be reviewed before implementation proceeds.*

- [Inferred item the agent chose without user confirmation]

---

## Requirements

- R1. [Requirement or success criterion this plan must satisfy]
- R2. [Requirement or success criterion this plan must satisfy]

<!-- With an origin requirements doc, R-IDs trace to origin's; without one, R-IDs are derived
     during planning. The optional origin trace sub-blocks below carry forward what's relevant
     when origin actors/flows/acceptance examples exist. -->

**Origin actors:** [A1 (role/name), A2 (role/name), …]
**Origin flows:** [F1 (flow name), F2 (flow name), …]
**Origin acceptance examples:** [AE1 (covers R1, R4), AE2 (covers R3), …]

---

## Scope Boundaries

<!-- Default structure (no origin doc, or origin was Lightweight / Standard / Deep-feature):
     a single bulleted list of explicit non-goals. The optional `### Deferred to Follow-Up Work`
     subsection below may still be included when this plan's implementation is intentionally
     split across other PRs/issues/repos. -->

- [Explicit non-goal or exclusion]

<!-- Optional plan-local subsection — include when this plan's implementation is intentionally
     split across other PRs, issues, or repos. Distinct from origin-carried "Deferred for later"
     (product sequencing) and "Outside this product's identity" (positioning). -->
### Deferred to Follow-Up Work

- [Work that will be done separately]: [Where or when -- e.g., "separate PR in repo-x", "future iteration"]

<!-- Triggered structure: replace the single list above with the three subsections below ONLY
     when the origin doc is Deep-product (detectable by presence of an "Outside this product's
     identity" subsection in the origin's Scope Boundaries). At all other tiers and when no
     origin exists, use the single-list structure above. -->

<!--
### Deferred for later

[Carried from origin — product/version sequencing. Work that will be done eventually but not in v1.]

- [Item]

### Outside this product's identity

[Carried from origin — positioning rejection. Adjacent product the plan must not accidentally build.]

- [Item]

### Deferred to Follow-Up Work

[Plan-local — implementation work intentionally split across other PRs/issues/repos. Distinct from origin's "Deferred for later" (product) and "Outside this product's identity" (positioning).]

- [Item]
-->

---

## Context & Research

### Relevant Code and Patterns

- [Existing file, class, component, or pattern to follow]

### Institutional Learnings

- [Relevant `docs/solutions/` insight]

### External References

- [Relevant external docs or best-practice source, if used]

---

## Key Technical Decisions

- [Decision]: [Rationale]

<!-- With an origin requirements doc, scope this section to plan-time architectural choices —
     product-level decisions are in origin's Key Decisions. Without an origin, both belong here. -->

---

## Open Questions

<!-- With an origin requirements doc, scope this section to plan-time questions; product-level
     open questions stay in origin's Outstanding Questions. -->

### Resolved During Planning

- [Question]: [Resolution]

### Deferred to Implementation

- [Question or unknown]: [Why it is intentionally deferred]

---

<!-- Optional: Include when the plan creates a new directory structure (greenfield plugin,
     new service, new package). Shows the expected output shape at a glance. Omit for plans
     that only modify existing files. This is a scope declaration, not a constraint --
     the implementer may adjust the structure if implementation reveals a better layout. -->
## Output Structure

    [directory tree showing new directories and files]

---

<!-- Optional: Include this section only when the work involves DSL design, multi-component
     integration, complex data flow, state-heavy lifecycle, or other cases where prose alone
     would leave the approach shape ambiguous. Omit it entirely for well-patterned or
     straightforward work. -->
## High-Level Technical Design

> *This illustrates the intended approach and is directional guidance for review, not implementation specification. The implementing agent should treat it as context, not code to reproduce.*

[Pseudo-code grammar, mermaid diagram, data flow sketch, or state diagram — choose the medium that best communicates the solution shape for this work.]

---

## Implementation Units

<!-- Each unit carries a stable plan-local U-ID (U1, U2, …) assigned sequentially.
     U-IDs are never renumbered: reordering preserves them in place, splitting keeps the
     original U-ID and assigns the next unused number to the new unit, deletion leaves
     a gap. This anchor is what ce-work references in blockers and verification, so
     stability across plan edits is load-bearing. -->

- U1. **[Name]**

**Goal:** [What this unit accomplishes]

**Requirements:** [R1, R2]

**Dependencies:** [None / U1 / external prerequisite]

**Files:**
- Create: `path/to/new_file`
- Modify: `path/to/existing_file`
- Test: `path/to/test_file`

**Approach:**
- [Key design or sequencing decision]

**Execution note:** [Optional test-first, characterization-first, or other execution posture signal]

**Technical design:** *(optional -- pseudo-code or diagram when the unit's approach is non-obvious. Directional guidance, not implementation specification.)*

**Patterns to follow:**
- [Existing file, class, or pattern]

**Test scenarios:**
<!-- Include only categories that apply to this unit. Omit categories that don't. For units with no behavioral change, use "Test expectation: none -- [reason]" instead of leaving this section blank. -->
- [Scenario: specific input/action -> expected outcome. Prefix with category — Happy path, Edge case, Error path, or Integration — to signal intent]

**Verification:**
- [Outcome that should hold when this unit is complete]

---

## System-Wide Impact

- **Interaction graph:** [What callbacks, middleware, observers, or entry points may be affected]
- **Error propagation:** [How failures should travel across layers]
- **State lifecycle risks:** [Partial-write, cache, duplicate, or cleanup concerns]
- **API surface parity:** [Other interfaces that may require the same change]
- **Integration coverage:** [Cross-layer scenarios unit tests alone will not prove]
- **Unchanged invariants:** [Existing APIs, interfaces, or behaviors that this plan explicitly does not change — and how the new work relates to them. Include when the change touches shared surfaces and reviewers need blast-radius assurance]

---

## Risks & Dependencies

| Risk | Mitigation |
|------|------------|
| [Meaningful risk] | [How it is addressed or accepted] |

---

## Documentation / Operational Notes

- [Docs, rollout, monitoring, or support impacts when relevant]

---

## Sources & References

- **Origin document:** [docs/brainstorms/YYYY-MM-DD-<topic>-requirements.md](path)
- Related code: [path or symbol]
- Related PRs/issues: #[number]
- External docs: [url]

For larger Deep plans, extend the core template only when useful with sections such as:

## Alternative Approaches Considered

- [Approach]: [Why rejected or not chosen]

---

## Success Metrics

- [How we will know this solved the intended problem]

---

## Dependencies / Prerequisites

- [Technical, organizational, or rollout dependency]

---

## Risk Analysis & Mitigation

| Risk | Likelihood | Impact | Mitigation |
|------|-----------|--------|------------|
| [Risk] | [Low/Med/High] | [Low/Med/High] | [How addressed] |

---

## Phased Delivery

### Phase 1
- [What lands first and why]

### Phase 2
- [What follows and why]

---

## Documentation Plan

- [Docs or runbooks to update]

---

## Operational / Rollout Notes

- [Monitoring, migration, feature flag, or rollout considerations]

4.3 Planning Rules

• Horizontal rules (---) between top-level sections in Standard and Deep plans, mirroring the ce-brainstorm requirements doc convention. Improves scannability of dense plans where many H2 sections sit close together. Omit for Lightweight plans where the whole doc fits on a single screen.
• All file paths must be repo-relative — never use absolute paths like /Users/name/Code/project/src/file.ts. Use src/file.ts instead. Absolute paths make plans non-portable across machines, worktrees, and teammates. When a plan targets a different repo than the document's home, state the target repo once at the top of the plan (e.g., **Target repo:** my-other-project) and use repo-relative paths throughout
• Prefer path plus class/component/pattern references over brittle line numbers
• Do not include implementation code — no imports, exact method signatures, or framework-specific syntax
• Pseudo-code sketches and DSL grammars are allowed in the High-Level Technical Design section and per-unit technical design fields when they communicate design direction. Frame them explicitly as directional guidance, not implementation specification
• Mermaid diagrams are encouraged when they clarify relationships or flows that prose alone would make hard to follow — ERDs for data model changes, sequence diagrams for multi-service interactions, state diagrams for lifecycle transitions, flowcharts for complex branching logic
• Do not include git commands, commit messages, or exact test command recipes
• Do not expand implementation units into micro-step RED/GREEN/REFACTOR instructions
• Do not pretend an execution-time question is settled just to make the plan look complete

4.4 Visual Communication in Plan Documents

When the plan contains 4+ implementation units with non-linear dependencies, 3+ interacting surfaces in System-Wide Impact, 3+ behavioral modes/variants in Summary or Problem Frame, or 3+ interacting decisions in Key Technical Decisions or alternatives in Alternative Approaches, read references/visual-communication.md for diagram and table guidance. This covers plan-structure visuals (dependency graphs, interaction diagrams, comparison tables) — not solution-design diagrams, which are covered in Section 3.4.

Phase 5: Final Review, Write File, and Handoff

5.1 Review Before Writing

Before finalizing, check:

• The plan does not invent product behavior that should have been defined in ce-brainstorm
• If there was no origin document, the bounded planning bootstrap established enough product clarity to plan responsibly
• Every major decision is grounded in the origin document or research
• Each implementation unit is concrete, dependency-ordered, and implementation-ready
• If test-first or characterization-first posture was explicit or strongly implied, the relevant units carry it forward with a lightweight Execution note
• Each feature-bearing unit has test scenarios from every applicable category (happy path, edge cases, error paths, integration) — right-sized to the unit's complexity, not padded or skimped
• Test scenarios name specific inputs, actions, and expected outcomes without becoming test code
• Feature-bearing units with blank or missing test scenarios are flagged as incomplete — feature-bearing units must have actual test scenarios, not just an annotation. The Test expectation: none -- [reason] annotation is only valid for non-feature-bearing units (pure config, scaffolding, styling)
• Deferred items are explicit and not hidden as fake certainty
• If a High-Level Technical Design section is included, it uses the right medium for the work, carries the non-prescriptive framing, and does not contain implementation code (no imports, exact signatures, or framework-specific syntax)
• Per-unit technical design fields, if present, are concise and directional rather than copy-paste-ready
• If the plan creates a new directory structure, would an Output Structure tree help reviewers see the overall shape?
• If Scope Boundaries lists items that are planned work for a separate PR, issue, or repo, are they under ### Deferred to Follow-Up Work rather than mixed with true non-goals?
• U-IDs are unique within the plan and follow the stability rule — no two units share an ID; reordering or splitting did not renumber existing units; gaps from deletions are preserved
• Would a visual aid (dependency graph, interaction diagram, comparison table) help a reader grasp the plan structure faster than scanning prose alone?

If the plan originated from a requirements document, re-read that document and verify:

• The chosen approach still matches the product intent
• Scope boundaries and success criteria are preserved
• Blocking questions were either resolved, explicitly assumed, or sent back to ce-brainstorm
• Every section of the origin document is addressed in the plan — scan each section to confirm nothing was silently dropped
• If origin supplies A/F/AE IDs: every origin R/F/AE that affects implementation is referenced in Requirements, a U-ID unit, test scenarios, verification, scope boundaries, or explicitly deferred. Actors are carried forward when they affect behavior, permissions, UX, orchestration, handoff, or verification. The standard is preservation of product intent, not mandatory ID spam — irrelevant origin IDs may be omitted
• If origin was Deep-product (origin contains an Outside this product's identity subsection): the plan's Scope Boundaries preserves the three-way split — Deferred for later and Outside this product's identity carried verbatim from origin, Deferred to Follow-Up Work reserved for plan-local implementation sequencing

5.1.5 Brainstorm-Sourced Scope Summary

STOP. Before composing the synthesis, read references/synthesis-summary.md. The discipline rules, prose-summary requirement, three-bucket structure, anti-pattern guidance, soft-cut behavior, self-redirect support, content focus for the brainstorm-sourced variant, doc-body reading rules, and bucket-content routing into plan body sections all live there. Composing a synthesis without these rules loaded reliably produces malformed output — missing prose summary, implementation-detail leakage, the proposal-pitch anti-pattern. This is not optional supplementary reading; it is the source of truth for how the phase behaves.

Surface the agent's plan-time decisions to the user before Phase 5.2 commits the plan to disk — the latest cheap moment to catch plan-time scope errors. The brainstorm already validated WHAT to build; this phase surfaces HOW the plan will execute.

Fires only when the plan was sourced from an upstream brainstorm doc (Phase 0.2 found a *-requirements.md match) AND not on Phase 0.1 fast paths (resume normal, deepen-intent). Skip Phase 5.1.5 in solo invocation — solo plans handled their synthesis in Phase 0.7.

Headless mode: synthesis is composed but not confirmed (no synchronous user). Proceed to Phase 5.2 plan-write. Inferred bets route to a ## Assumptions section in the plan instead of Key Technical Decisions. See references/synthesis-summary.md Headless mode for the full routing.

5.2 Write Plan File

REQUIRED: Write the plan file to disk before presenting any options.

Use the Write tool to save the complete plan to:

docs/plans/YYYY-MM-DD-NNN-<type>-<descriptive-name>-plan.md

Confirm (use absolute path so the reference is clickable in modern terminals):

Plan written to <absolute path to plan>

Pipeline mode: If invoked from an automated workflow such as LFG or any disable-model-invocation context, skip interactive questions. Make the needed choices automatically and proceed to writing the plan.

5.3 Confidence Check and Deepening

After writing the plan file, automatically evaluate whether the plan needs strengthening.

Two deepening modes:

• Auto mode (default during plan generation): Runs without asking the user for approval. The user sees what is being strengthened but does not need to make a decision. Sub-agent findings are synthesized directly into the plan.
• Interactive mode (activated by the re-deepen fast path in Phase 0.1): The user explicitly asked to deepen an existing plan. Sub-agent findings are presented individually for review before integration. The user can accept, reject, or discuss each agent's findings. Only accepted findings are synthesized into the plan.

Interactive mode exists because on-demand deepening is a different user posture — the user already has a plan they are invested in and wants to be surgical about what changes. This applies whether the plan was generated by this skill, written by hand, or produced by another tool.

ce-doc-review and this confidence check are different:

• Use the ce-doc-review skill when the document needs clarity, simplification, completeness, or scope control
• This confidence check strengthens rationale, sequencing, risk treatment, and system-wide thinking when the plan is structurally sound but still needs stronger grounding

Pipeline mode: This phase always runs in auto mode in pipeline/disable-model-invocation contexts. No user interaction needed.

5.3.1 Classify Plan Depth and Topic Risk

Determine the plan depth from the document:

• Lightweight - small, bounded, low ambiguity, usually 2-4 implementation units
• Standard - moderate complexity, some technical decisions, usually 3-6 units
• Deep - cross-cutting, high-risk, or strategically important work, usually 4-8 units or phased delivery

Build a risk profile. Treat these as high-risk signals:

• Authentication, authorization, or security-sensitive behavior
• Payments, billing, or financial flows
• Data migrations, backfills, or persistent data changes
• External APIs or third-party integrations
• Privacy, compliance, or user data handling
• Cross-interface parity or multi-surface behavior
• Significant rollout, monitoring, or operational concerns

5.3.2 Gate: Decide Whether to Deepen

• Lightweight plans usually do not need deepening unless they are high-risk
• Standard plans often benefit when one or more important sections still look thin
• Deep or high-risk plans often benefit from a targeted second pass
• Thin local grounding override: If Phase 1.2 triggered external research because local patterns were thin (fewer than 3 direct examples or adjacent-domain match), always proceed to scoring regardless of how grounded the plan appears. When the plan was built on unfamiliar territory, claims about system behavior are more likely to be assumptions than verified facts. The scoring pass is cheap — if the plan is genuinely solid, scoring finds nothing and exits quickly

If the plan already appears sufficiently grounded and the thin-grounding override does not apply, report "Confidence check passed — no sections need strengthening", then load references/plan-handoff.md now and execute 5.3.8 → 5.3.9 → 5.4 in sequence. Document review is mandatory — do not skip it because the confidence check passed. The two tools catch different classes of issues.

5.3.3–5.3.7 Deepening Execution

When deepening is warranted, read references/deepening-workflow.md for confidence scoring checklists, section-to-agent dispatch mapping, execution mode selection, research execution, interactive finding review, and plan synthesis instructions. Execute steps 5.3.3 through 5.3.7 from that file, then return here for 5.3.8.

5.3.8–5.4 Document Review, Final Checks, and Post-Generation Options

STOP. Load references/plan-handoff.md now before continuing. It carries the full instructions for 5.3.8 (document review), 5.3.9 (final checks and cleanup), and 5.4 (post-generation handoff, including the Proof HITL flow, post-HITL re-review, and Issue Creation branching). This load is non-optional — without it, the agent renders the post-generation menu, captures the user's selection, and stops without firing the routed action. Document review at 5.3.8 is also mandatory regardless of whether the confidence check already ran.

After document review and final checks, present this menu using the platform's blocking question tool: AskUserQuestion in Claude Code (call ToolSearch with select:AskUserQuestion first if its schema isn't loaded), request_user_input in Codex, ask_user in Gemini, ask_user in Pi (requires the pi-ask-user extension). Fall back to numbered options in chat only when no blocking tool exists in the harness or the call errors (e.g., Codex edit modes) — not because a schema load

Truncated - read the full file at https://github.com/Norfolk-Group/marcela-norfolk-ai/blob/93b0f85a314e912f88ef779b292f8095f2811029/skills/compound-engineering/skills/ce-plan/SKILL.md.