Imported from Codename-11/hermes-relay (skills/android/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add Codename-11/hermes-relay --skill android. Copyright stays with the author (MIT).

Android Phone Control

Drive a paired Android phone from Hermes using the android_* tool family. This skill is the playbook the LLM reads before touching those tools for the first time — architecture, pairing, the tool surface, bounded tool budgets, and per-app step-by-step procedures.

1. How it works

1. The Hermes-Relay Android app runs on the phone and exposes an AccessibilityService + MediaProjection dispatcher.
2. The phone connects outbound to the Hermes-Relay WSS relay (default :8767) as the bridge channel.
3. Each android_* tool sends an HTTP request to the relay on loopback, which forwards it as a bridge.command envelope over the WSS socket to the phone. The phone executes the action and replies with bridge.response.
4. Sensitive actions pass through Tier 5 safety rails on the phone (blocklist, destructive-verb confirmation, idle auto-disable). See section 9.
5. sideload builds unlock additional capabilities behind a build-flavor flag (voice-to-bridge intents, direct SMS, direct dial). See section 10.

2. Setup — how the phone gets paired

Do not call android_setup. That is a fallback for teaching the host about an existing session token — it does NOT pair a new phone. For first-time setup or re-pairing, use one of the canonical flows:

If the user has not paired yet, stop and hand off to /hermes-relay-pair. Do not attempt to drive tools against an unpaired phone — every call will return 503 bridge not connected.

To confirm the phone is reachable before starting a workflow, call android_ping once. A healthy response looks like {"status": "ok", "bridge": {...}}. Anything else means the phone is not connected — stop and tell the user.

3. Available tools

All of these live in plugin/tools/android_tool.py (except android_navigate in plugin/tools/android_navigate.py). Every tool returns a JSON string.

Screen reading

Interaction

App state

Orchestration

There is also an android_setup(bridge_session_token) function in the same module — that is a fallback for reconfiguring the host after a re-install when you already have a session token. It is not how you pair a phone. See section 2.

4. Critical: do not loop

Hard rule: cap any single user request at 5–7 tool calls total. When you hit that budget, STOP and report the current state to the user. Do not retry. Do not keep tapping. Do not "try one more thing."

Why this exists:

• Accessibility trees are noisy. The same visible "Send" button can have three different nodeIds across a single app depending on what's loaded above it. A naive retry loop burns minutes chasing stale node ids.
• Phones have Tier 5 safety rails (section 9). If a tap is blocked, retrying it will just produce the same 403. Report the block — don't hammer the gate.
• android_navigate is the correct escape hatch for "I don't know what to tap next." Its iteration cap is code-enforced. Your job as the outer agent is to bound the total number of invocations, not to write your own retry logic around it.

STOP-and-report pattern. When you cannot make progress:

1. Call android_read_screen once.
2. Summarize what you see (2–3 sentences).
3. Ask the user what they want you to do next. Do not guess.

Acceptable tool budgets for common workflows:

If you realize mid-workflow that you need more than 7 calls, stop, explain the situation to the user, and ask whether to continue.

5. Workflow pattern

The canonical shape of every bounded Android workflow:

open_app(package)
  → wait(text="<landmark>", timeout_ms=5000)
  → read_screen()
  → 1–3 targeted actions (tap_text / tap / type / swipe)
  → read_screen()        # verify the action landed
  → STOP and report

Key discipline:

• Verify before you chain. Never assume a tap "worked" — re-read the screen and confirm the next landmark is present before sending another action.
• Prefer tap_text over tap(x, y). Coordinates go stale the instant the layout shifts (keyboard pops, ad loads, notification arrives). nodeId from a fresh read_screen is second-best; raw coordinates are last resort.
• Never open_app twice in a row. If the first didn't land, check android_current_app and report.
• Never chain more than 3 actions without a read_screen. UI state drifts faster than you expect.

6. When to use android_navigate vs direct tools

Use the direct tools (tap_text, type, swipe, etc.) when you know the exact step sequence — for example, the app playbooks in section 8. You are in control of the budget, you can inspect intermediate state, and every step is cheap.

Use android_navigate(intent, max_iterations=N) when you need vision in the loop: the user's goal is clear but the path is not, the layout is unfamiliar, or the target element is visible in pixels but not in the accessibility tree (icon-only buttons, canvas-rendered UI, custom views). android_navigate takes one screenshot per step, lets a vision model pick the next action, and dispatches to the same direct tools under the hood. The iteration cap is enforced in code (default 5, max 20).

Rules of thumb:

• Known app, known steps → direct tools. (Uber, WhatsApp, Spotify, Maps — see section 8.)
• Unknown app or UI → android_navigate. Let vision decide.
• Mixed → direct tools to get into the right screen, then android_navigate for the last-mile decision. Don't burn vision budget on open_app → wait that you can script.
• Never wrap android_navigate in your own retry loop. If it fails, read the trace, summarize for the user, and stop.

7. Common package names

If the user asks about an app not on this list, call android_get_apps and match on the human-readable label.

8. App playbooks

Each playbook is a minimal bounded sequence. Follow them; do not improvise extra steps.

Uber — book a ride to a known destination

1. android_open_app("com.ubercab")
2. android_wait(text="Where to", timeout_ms=8000) — Uber's home search field.
3. android_tap_text("Where to") — opens the destination picker.
4. android_type("<destination>") — type the address into the focused field.
5. android_wait(text="<destination-first-word>", timeout_ms=4000) — wait for autocomplete.
6. android_tap_text("<first matching result>") — select the result.
7. android_read_screen() — verify the ride-type picker appeared. STOP and report the quoted fare + ETA. Do not auto-confirm the ride — requesting a ride is a destructive action that spends money. Let the user confirm manually, or let the Tier 5 destructive-verb gate (section 9) prompt them.

Pitfalls:

• Uber sometimes wraps the destination field in a non-clickable container. If tap_text("Where to") does nothing, re-read the screen and look for a clickable ancestor node.
• If a login or onboarding splash appears, stop and report — do not try to log in for the user.
• The "Confirm" / "Request" button is on the destructive-verb list by default (see section 9). Expect a 403 if you try to tap it without user confirmation.

WhatsApp — send a message to a contact

1. android_open_app("com.whatsapp")
2. android_wait(text="Chats", timeout_ms=5000) — landing tab.
3. android_tap_text("Search") or tap the magnifying glass icon.
4. android_type("<contact name>") — narrows the chat list.
5. android_tap_text("<contact name>") — opens the chat.
6. android_tap_text("Message") — focus the input field. (Label varies by locale; fall back to read_screen and find the EditText node.)
7. android_type("<message body>")
8. STOP and report. Do not auto-tap Send — it is on the destructive-verb list. Either let the user tap Send, or invoke the Tier 5 confirmation modal by calling android_tap_text("Send") and letting the phone prompt.

Pitfalls:

• Multiple chats with the same contact name will show a picker — if read_screen shows >1 match, stop and ask which one.
• End-to-end encryption banners on first-chat-of-the-day intercept the input field. Dismiss with android_tap_text("OK") if present before typing.

Spotify — play a track or playlist

1. android_open_app("com.spotify.music")
2. android_wait(text="Search", timeout_ms=5000)
3. android_tap_text("Search")
4. android_type("<query>")
5. android_wait(text="<first word of query>", timeout_ms=3000)
6. android_tap_text("<first matching result>") — opens the track or playlist.
7. android_tap_text("Play") — start playback.
8. android_read_screen() — verify the now-playing bar shows the expected track. Report and STOP.

Pitfalls:

• Free-tier accounts sometimes play a different track than the one tapped (shuffle mode override). Always verify from the now-playing bar, not from what you tapped.
• The Play button is sometimes labeled by icon only. If tap_text("Play") fails, re-read and use the node with className containing PlayButton.

Google Maps — navigate to a place

1. android_open_app("com.google.android.apps.maps")
2. android_wait(text="Search here", timeout_ms=5000)
3. android_tap_text("Search here")
4. android_type("<place>")
5. android_wait(text="<place-first-word>", timeout_ms=3000)
6. android_tap_text("<first result>")
7. android_tap_text("Directions")
8. android_read_screen() — report ETA + distance + mode, then STOP. Do not auto-start turn-by-turn. "Start" is on the destructive-verb list because it changes the phone's mode of operation.

Pitfalls:

• Maps opens straight into "navigation mode" if the user had a previous route cached. Always read_screen first and check whether you're on home or already navigating.
• Location permission prompts block everything. If you see a permission modal, stop and hand it to the user.

Settings — change a specific setting

1. android_open_app("com.android.settings")
2. android_tap_text("Search settings") — Settings has a global search that saves 80% of navigation effort.
3. android_type("<setting name>") — e.g. "wifi", "notifications", "display".
4. android_wait(text="<setting name>", timeout_ms=3000)
5. android_tap_text("<matching result>")
6. android_read_screen() — you're now on the target settings page. Make the toggle change (tap_text(<label>)) and verify.
7. Report the before/after state, STOP.

Pitfalls:

• OEM skins (Samsung One UI, Xiaomi HyperOS) ship with different Settings package names on some devices. If com.android.settings fails, try com.samsung.android.lool or fall back to android_get_apps and filter on "Settings".
• The Search bar is at the top on stock Android but mid-screen on Samsung. Use read_screen to find it, not coordinates.

Tinder — swipe through the card deck

1. android_open_app("com.tinder")
2. android_wait(text="Discovery", timeout_ms=5000) or landmark of your choice.
3. android_read_screen() — confirm a profile card is visible.
4. android_swipe("right") to like, android_swipe("left") to pass. (Do NOT use coordinate taps — Tinder's card stack is canvas-rendered and coordinates are unstable.)
5. Repeat step 4 up to 3 times per invocation.
6. android_read_screen() — verify the deck advanced. Report and STOP.

Pitfalls:

• A "It's a Match!" modal interrupts the deck. Read the screen and tap Keep Swiping before continuing.
• Do not auto-send messages. Match-message composition is a destructive action the user should drive.

9. Safety rails awareness

The phone enforces user-configurable Tier 5 safety rails on every bridge.command. You will see these as 403 responses. Do not retry on a 403 — report it.

• Blocklist. A DataStore-backed list of package names (banking, payments, password managers, 2FA apps) blocked by default. If the current app is on the blocklist, every tool except android_ping and android_current_app returns 403 blocked package <name>. Tell the user to either switch out of the blocked app or remove the app from the blocklist in Hermes-Relay → Bridge → Safety.
• Destructive-verb confirmation. android_tap_text and android_type are intercepted when the payload contains any of the default destructive verbs (send, pay, delete, transfer, confirm, submit, post, publish, buy, purchase, charge, withdraw). The phone pops a confirmation modal with the full payload — the user has a configurable timeout (default 30 s) to allow or deny. A denied or timed-out confirmation returns 403 user denied destructive action.
• Idle auto-disable. After a configurable number of minutes of inactivity (default 30, range 5–120), the phone auto-disables device control and posts a notification. The next bridge.command will return 403. Tell the user to re-enable the bridge master toggle.

Agent discipline: expect 403s, report them, do not retry. The user's safety config is not something you should try to work around.

10. Sideload-only features

Hermes-Relay ships in two build flavors: googlePlay (Play Store, conservative accessibility config) and sideload (full agent control). The sideload build unlocks:

• Voice-to-bridge intents. Transcribed voice utterances like "text mom saying on my way" or "open Spotify" are classified on-device and routed through the bridge channel instead of becoming chat messages. Destructive intents (SMS) speak a confirmation and start a 5-second cancellable countdown before dispatching.
• Contact search, direct SMS, direct dial. Not exposed as android_* tools — they're user-facing voice intents only. You will not see them in your tool list.
• Full accessibility capability set. typeAllMask, gesture dispatch, interactive windows, view IDs — used by the direct tools under the hood. The Play flavor uses a narrower subset.
• Location queries. Phone-side, voice-triggered only.

Agent rule: you do not need to know which flavor is running to use the android_* tools. Every tool in section 3 works in both flavors. The flavor only matters if you're building a feature that requires sideload capabilities, in which case check BuildFlavor.current on the phone side, not from the tool layer.

11. Extending this skill

This file is read by the LLM before it touches the android_* tools. Keep it tight and keep it current:

1. When new android_* tools land, add them to the section 3 table with a one-line purpose.
2. When new apps are commonly requested, add them to section 7 and write a 6–12 step playbook in section 8.
3. When the Tier 5 safety rails change (new blocklist defaults, new destructive verbs, new gates), update section 9.
4. Do not add marketing prose, screenshots, or "Why Hermes-Relay is great" sections. This is an agent-readable spec, not a README.

When adding a new playbook, follow the section 8 template: numbered steps using tool-call syntax, a "Pitfalls" subsection with 2–4 bullets, and an explicit STOP-and-report step before any destructive action.