Imported from Codecademy/gamut (packages/gamut/agent-tools/skills/gamut-accessibility/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add Codecademy/gamut --skill gamut-accessibility. Copyright stays with the author.

Gamut Accessibility

Source: @codecademy/gamut — react-aria-components is used only in packages/gamut/src/Tabs/ (Tabs.tsx, TabList.tsx, Tab.tsx, TabPanel.tsx). react-focus-on powers FocusTrap (packages/gamut/src/FocusTrap/index.tsx), used by overlays such as Overlay (packages/gamut/src/Overlay/index.tsx) and Popover. Other widgets (e.g. Menu, DatePicker) implement keyboard and ARIA in Gamut code.

Product-oriented button variants and props: gamut-buttons

Universal rules

Prefer native HTML, minimal ARIA, correct roles, visible names, focus visibility, semantic color / ColorMode, and Gamut primitives — see the always-loaded Gamut Accessibility Rules: accessibility.mdc. This skill adds Gamut component behavior and audit detail below.

How Gamut handles accessibility

Tabs use react-aria-components (see packages/gamut/src/Tabs/*.tsx) for roving tabindex and keyboard navigation. Overlays (e.g. Overlay, Popover) use FocusTrap → react-focus-on for focus containment and Escape/outside close. Other interactive components (Menu, DatePicker, Modal, Dialog, etc.) rely on in-repo implementations — supply accessible names, wire labels to controls, and avoid duplicating what a component already sets (aria-live, aria-describedby, tabindex, etc.); confirm in source when auditing.

Component reference (index)

There is no exported <Button> — use FillButton, TextButton, StrokeButton, CTAButton, and IconButton (shared ButtonProps type). Prefer these over <div onClick> or <span role="button">.

Forms — FormGroup, ConnectedForm / ConnectedFormGroup, GridForm, field atoms (Select, Checkbox, Radio), validation, aria-live / aria-describedby: canonical reference is gamut-forms.

// correct
<IconButton icon={DeleteIcon} tip="Delete item" onClick={handleDelete} />

// wrong — no accessible name, no keyboard semantics
<div onClick={handleDelete}><DeleteIcon /></div>

Dialog / Modal (detail)

Full composition, props, and the focus-trap/autofocus/dismiss mechanics in detail: gamut-modal. Summary:

Both use Overlay and FocusTrap (react-focus-on) patterns: focus moves into the surface, Escape closes (when enabled), focus should return to the trigger on close.

Prefer a visible title so the dialog has a clear name; on Modal, pass aria-label when there is no suitable visible title string. Close control: IconButton with closeButtonProps.tip (defaults documented in source).

<Dialog
  title="Confirm deletion"
  confirmCta={{ children: 'Delete', onClick: handleDelete }}
  onRequestClose={handleClose}
  isOpen={open}
/>

Alert (detail)

Renders with aria-live="polite" and role="status" by default. Override with aria-live="assertive" only for time-sensitive errors requiring immediate interruption. Do not nest <Alert> inside another live region.

Tabs (detail)

Built on react-aria-components. Follows the ARIA Tabs pattern: arrow keys navigate tabs, Tab moves focus into the active panel, Home/End jump to first/last tab. The tablist is a composite — only the active tab is in the tab sequence (roving tabindex). No manual aria-selected or keyboard handling needed.

InfoTip (example)

<InfoTip> needs ariaLabel or ariaLabelledby — see also the always-loaded rules.

<InfoTip ariaLabel="More information about billing" />

ToolTip (detail)

When placement="floating", the component renders a screen-reader-only branch with role="tooltip" and an optional id. Pass the same id to the described element’s aria-describedby so assistive tech associates the tooltip copy with the trigger. Inline placement uses the wrapper differently — see Molecules / Tips / ToolTip.

SkipToContent (detail)

Include <SkipToContent> as the first focusable element in the page shell. The main content region must expose a matching id for the skip target.

Focus management

<FocusTrap> is for custom overlay patterns not covered by Dialog / Modal.

Key props:

• active — enable/disable the trap dynamically
• onEscapeKey — close handler
• onClickOutside — dismiss on outside click
• allowPageInteraction — permit scrolling outside the trap without closing

Always return focus to the trigger on close. react-focus-on (via FocusTrap) and overlay flows handle much of this for dialogs/popovers; Tabs inherit focus behavior from react-aria-components. Custom surfaces must store a ref to the trigger and call .focus() on close when the library does not.

Composite widgets and managed focus

ARIA composite roles (listbox, menu, tree, grid, tablist) use managed focus: only one element in the composite is in the tab sequence at a time. Tab moves focus to the next element outside the composite; arrow keys move focus within it.

Implementation pattern — roving tabindex:

• Set tabIndex={0} on the currently active item
• Set tabIndex={-1} on all other items
• On arrow key, update which item holds tabIndex={0} and call .focus() on it

Tabs (react-aria-components) implement roving tabindex for the tablist pattern. Menu and other composites implement focus in Gamut — if you build a custom composite, implement roving tabindex yourself. A flat tabIndex={0} on every item is wrong — it puts every item in the sequential tab order.

Device-independent events

Use click for activation, not mousedown. click follows pointer activation; native <button> (and similar controls) also fire click from keyboard (Space and Enter). A focused <a href> is usually activated with Enter, which fires click — Space often scrolls the page instead of activating the link. mousedown does not represent keyboard activation, so relying on it alone breaks keyboard-only use.

For custom elements with role="button", do not assume the browser will synthesize click from the keyboard the way it does for native interactive elements (<button>, <a href>, and other built-ins). Handle keydown for Space and Enter explicitly:

const handleKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
  if (e.key === ' ' || e.key === 'Enter') {
    e.preventDefault();
    handleActivation();
  }
};

Prefer Gamut *Button components (or Anchor with a real href) so you do not reimplement this.

Live regions

Form-bound aria-live and FormError patterns: see Forms above (do not assume assertive on every field error).

Inject live regions into the DOM before they need to announce. A region added simultaneously with its first announcement may be ignored by some assistive technologies.

Do not elevate unrelated inline errors to assertive — reserve assertive for urgent interruptions the user did not directly trigger.

ARIA authoring rules

• No redundant roles: don't set role="button" on <button> or role="heading" on <h2>
• aria-hidden cascades: placing aria-hidden="true" on a parent removes the entire subtree from the accessibility tree, including focusable descendants — never put it on an ancestor of a focusable element
• role="presentation" and aria-hidden on focusable elements: both are prohibited on elements that can receive focus — they remove semantics while leaving the element keyboard-reachable, producing an operable but unnamed control
• Labelling vs describing: aria-label / aria-labelledby name the control. aria-describedby provides supplementary context. Both can coexist on the same element
• Required fields: use aria-required="true" or the HTML required attribute. Visual asterisks must have an explanatory text string visible on the page; the asterisk glyph itself should carry aria-hidden="true" — <FormGroupLabel> already handles this
• display:none vs aria-hidden: elements with display:none are already removed from the accessibility tree; adding aria-hidden is redundant. Use aria-hidden="true" only when an element is visually present but should be hidden from assistive technology

Color and contrast (non-text)

Semantic tokens, ColorMode, and <Background> are covered in the always-loaded accessibility.mdc rule and the gamut-color-mode skill. Here: non-text contrast (focus rings, input borders, icon affordances) should meet ~3:1 vs adjacent colors where WCAG 1.4.11 applies — validate in your layout.

Testing checklist

• Full keyboard navigation: every interactive element reachable and operable without a mouse
• Focus is always visible and never lost or unexpectedly trapped
• Dialogs trap focus correctly; Escape closes; focus returns to the trigger
• Composite widgets (tabs, menus, listboxes) use arrow keys internally, not Tab
• All form inputs have programmatically associated labels (not placeholder-only)
• Form errors surface through the library’s FormError / live-region patterns (Forms above)
• Icon-only controls have accessible names
• No content relies solely on color to convey meaning
• Screen reader matrix: VoiceOver + Safari (iOS), VoiceOver + Chrome (macOS), NVDA + Chrome (Windows)
• 200% zoom: layout intact, no content overflow or disappearance

Common anti-patterns