Imported from aws-samples/sample-agentic-value-accelerator (platform/control_plane/service_approval/plugin/.claude-plugin/skills/research-api-surface/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add aws-samples/sample-agentic-value-accelerator --skill research-api-surface. Copyright stays with the author.

Service Approval — Researcher: API Surface

Retrieve the COMPLETE API reference for the target AWS service. Every operation from the Service Authorization Reference must be captured — both control-plane AND data-plane.

Output: .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/research-api-surface.json Schema: schemas/research-api-surface.schema.json — encodes phase: "research-api-surface" const, api_surface.operations[] inlined (no _ref pointers), parameter path pattern ^\$\..*, gateable_by[] subset of {sar, api}, mutability and security_category enums.

This is one of 3 focused research sub-skills. The orchestrator merges outputs from all 3 into the final research.json.

Prerequisites

from tools.paths import phase_dir, mcp_log
research_dir = phase_dir(slug, "research")  # .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/
research_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
mcp_log(slug).touch()  # .service-approval/<slug>/mcp-calls.log

Inputs

• --service=<name> — AWS service identifier (REQUIRED)

Assessment & Capability Data

Check for data from sibling sub-skills and assessment phase:

test -f .service-approval/<slug>/01-assess/sar-facts.json && echo "SAR facts: OK" || echo "SAR facts: not found"
test -f .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/research-capabilities.json && echo "Capabilities: OK" || echo "Capabilities: not found (running in parallel)"

If sar-facts.json exists: Use it as the authoritative action list. Every action in the SAR page MUST appear in either api_surface.operations[] or as a permission-only action. The SAR facts file gives you the complete action inventory to validate against.

If research-capabilities.json exists: Read capabilities.iam.condition_keys[] to get the applies_to_actions lists for cross-reference validation. Also read capabilities.iam.permission_only_actions[] to exclude those from the operations list.

If neither exists yet (running in parallel), you MUST read the SAR page directly via MCP to get the action list and condition keys for validation.

MCP Call Logging

Required: emit canonical mcp:<server>:call events to pipeline.log after EVERY MCP tool invocation. The Stop hook's P1 check (tools/validate/validate_pipeline_integrity.py — see _MCP_CALL_TOKEN_RE) anchors on the [mcp:<server>:call] token; free-form [Step N] [API-Surface] ... lines are NOT counted. The _hook_log auto-mirror copies canonical events into mcp-calls.log for free.

After each MCP call, run:

python3 -m tools.validate.log \
    --slug <slug> \
    --phase 02-research \
    --source mcp:<server> \
    --verdict call \
    --message "<tool-name>: <one-line description of query>"

Substitute <server> with the actual MCP server name (awsknowledge, aws-documentation, etc.). Issue this command BEFORE the next agent action so a failure mid-run still leaves the audit trail.

Step 1: Get the Authoritative Action List

Build the complete list of IAM actions for this service. This is your target — every action must be accounted for.

From sar-facts.json (preferred):

import json
sar = json.load(open('.service-approval/<slug>/01-assess/sar-facts.json'))
all_actions = [a['action'] for a in sar.get('actions', [])]
permission_only = sar.get('permission_only_actions', [])
api_actions = [a for a in all_actions if a not in permission_only]

From MCP (if sar-facts.json unavailable): Use awsknowledge MCP to read the SAR page with FULL pagination:

• start_index=0, start_index=30000, start_index=60000, start_index=85000
• Extract ALL action names from the actions table
• Identify permission-only actions (those with no API operation)

Record the total action count — this is your completeness target.

Step 2: Retrieve Full API Reference

Use aws-documentation MCP to read the API reference:

2a: CLI API Index Page

Read the CLI command reference index for the service. This gives you the complete list of API operations organized by name.

Search: "<service> CLI command reference"
Read: CLI index page to get full operation list

2b: API Reference Pages

Read the service API reference documentation:

Search: "<service> API reference"
Read: API reference pages for operation details and parameters

2c: Data-Plane Operations

Many services separate control-plane and data-plane APIs. Explicitly search for:

Search: "<service> data plane API"
Search: "<service> runtime API"

Common data-plane patterns to look for:

• Invoke*, Put*, Batch*, Start*, Stop*, Send*
• Get* (read operations)
• List* (enumerate operations)
• Create* / Delete* for ephemeral resources (sessions, events, records)

Step 2.5: Botocore Enrichment Overlay

Enrich operations and parameters from the boto3 service model. Botocore provides machine-readable enums, min/max, patterns, and mutability that are far more reliable than prose scraping. SAR-driven inventory is still authoritative — this step only fills in per-parameter detail on operations we already know about.

Preflight — verify the pinned boto3 version is installed:

pip install -r tools/research/requirements-research.txt
python3 -c "import boto3; print(boto3.__version__)"
# Expect a 1.40.x version. If missing, install before continuing.

2.5a: Fetch the botocore schema

python3 tools/research/fetch_botocore_schema.py <service> \
  -o .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/botocore-schema.json

A pre-computed cache exists for common services at data/api-surface/<service>.json (ECS, Lambda, S3). If the cache is present and matches the target service, prefer it over running the tool (saves ~5s). Always check the cache's boto3 version in _metadata.

Log the MCP-equivalent call to .service-approval/<slug>/mcp-calls.log:

[Step 2.5] [API-Surface] botocore fetch_botocore_schema.py — service=<name> — N ops, M params

2.5b: Overlay enum/min/max/pattern onto each operation

For every operation in api_surface.operations[] built in Step 3:

1. Look up the matching botocore operation by operation name.
2. If matched: set botocore_coverage: true on the operation, and for every parameter whose path matches a botocore path, merge these fields from botocore onto the parameter record:
   • enum: list[str] — allowed string values (only when botocore defines them)
   • min / max — numeric bound or length bound
   • pattern — regex
   • security_category — kms | network | iam | tag | log | auth | tls | policy | null (populated by the keyword classifier in fetch_botocore_schema.py)
3. If the operation is missing from botocore (e.g., daemon ops, brand-new service, permission-only actions): set botocore_coverage: false. Retain whatever parameter data Step 3 already built from MCP. Do NOT drop the op.

Rule: botocore is an overlay, never a replacement. If botocore has an operation SAR doesn't list, it's ignored. If SAR has an operation botocore doesn't list, it survives with botocore_coverage: false.

2.5c: Compute mutability

python3 tools/research/compute_mutability.py <service> \
  -o .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/botocore-mutability.json

For each parameter, merge mutability: "create_only" | "mutable" | "unknown" from the tool's output. unknown is the default when the tool can't find a matching Update-family operation — keep it, don't guess.

2.5d: Compute gateable_by (SAR↔parameter cross-match)

python3 tools/research/compute_gateable_by.py \
  --schema .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/botocore-schema.json \
  --sar-facts .service-approval/<slug>/01-assess/sar-facts.json \
  -o .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/botocore-gateable.json

This cross-references parameter paths against SAR condition keys. For each parameter, merge:

• gateable_by: list[str] — subset of ["sar", "api"]. Always includes "api" for any parameter that came from botocore. "sar" is added only when a SAR condition key matches the parameter path with semantic confirmation.
• sar_condition_key: string | null — the matched SAR key (e.g., "ecs:auto-assign-public-ip"), or null when no SAR match.

Invariant: if "sar" is in gateable_by, sar_condition_key MUST be non-null. The validator enforces this.

2.5e: Final parameter record shape

After the overlay, a fully enriched parameter looks like:

{
  "path": "$.networkConfiguration.awsvpcConfiguration.assignPublicIp",
  "type": "string",
  "required": false,
  "enum": ["ENABLED", "DISABLED"],
  "description": "Whether the task's ENI receives a public IP.",
  "mutability": "mutable",
  "security_category": "network",
  "gateable_by": ["api", "sar"],
  "sar_condition_key": "ecs:auto-assign-public-ip"
}

A parameter that came from MCP-only (botocore doesn't cover the op) looks like:

{
  "path": "$.something",
  "type": "string",
  "required": false,
  "gateable_by": ["api"],
  "sar_condition_key": null
}

2.5f: Known limitation — sar-facts.json without applies_to_actions

If the existing sar-facts.json stores condition_keys as strings (not objects with applies_to_actions[]), the cross-match falls back to string-suffix match without semantic confirmation. Known gap documented in .service-approval/gap-report-botocore.md. Phase C's rollout requires the assess skill to populate applies_to_actions[]; Phase B tolerates the string-only form.

Step 3: Build Operations List

For EVERY API action (excluding permission-only actions), create an operation entry:

CRITICAL — Field naming: The operation name field MUST be "operation", NOT "action". The downstream merge step and all consumers (Validate, Map, Generate) read api_surface.operations[].operation. Using "action" as the key name will break cross-reference validation and condition key completeness checks.

{
  "operation": "CreateAgentRuntime",
  "parameters": [
    {
      "path": "$.agentRuntimeName",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true
    },
    {
      "path": "$.encryptionKeyArn",
      "type": "string",
      "required": false
    }
  ]
}

Parameter extraction rules:

• Include ALL parameters, not just security-relevant ones
• Use JSON path notation ($.fieldName)
• Mark required: true/false based on the API reference
• For nested parameters, use dot notation ($.configuration.subnets)
• Flag security-relevant parameters: encryption, auth, network, policy, tagging

Completeness rule: After building the operations list, compare against the authoritative action list from Step 1.

Missing actions fall into 4 categories:

1. Permission-only actions — go in the capabilities permission_only_actions[] list (NOT here)
2. API operations you missed — add them with parameters from the API reference
3. Actions with no documentation — add with "parameters": [] and a note
4. SAR-only virtual IAM actions — see rule below

SAR-only virtual IAM actions

Some services emit IAM actions in the SAR Actions table that have no corresponding standalone boto3/API operation. They're evaluated by IAM as authorization-layer sub-actions on top of an underlying data-plane call, not as standalone APIs.

Verified example (DynamoDB): PartiQLDelete, PartiQLInsert, PartiQLSelect, PartiQLUpdate, ConditionCheckItem — IAM evaluates these during ExecuteStatement / BatchExecuteStatement / TransactWriteItems, but there's no standalone boto3 method for them.

These are DIFFERENT from permission_only_actions: permission-only actions (like TagResource on services where tagging has its own API variant) are a separate bucket with CloudTrail semantics. SAR-only virtual actions evaluate inside another data-plane call — no independent API, no independent CloudTrail event.

When you encounter a SAR action that is NOT in boto3 AND is NOT in the permission-only list, emit it in api_surface.operations[] with:

• operation: the SAR action name verbatim (case-sensitive)
• parameters: [] (no standalone API accepts them)
• source: "sar_only_virtual" marker
• Optional note: a single line naming the underlying data-plane call (e.g., "Evaluated during ExecuteStatement/BatchExecuteStatement").

Downstream skills use the source field to distinguish real ops from virtual ones (e.g., generate-iac skips parameter generation for virtual ops; map-generate-controls maps them to IAM controls like any other action).

Step 4: Cross-Reference Validation

This is the CRITICAL validation step that catches incomplete API surfaces.

4a: SAR Action Coverage

Total SAR actions:          {N}
Permission-only actions:    {N}
Expected API operations:    {N - permission_only}
Captured operations:        {N}
Missing:                    {list}

If missing > 0, go back to Step 2 and read additional API reference pages.

4b: Condition Key Cross-Reference

If condition keys are available (from capabilities sub-skill or SAR page):

• For each condition key's applies_to_actions[], verify every action appears in either:
  • operations[] (as an operation name), OR
  • permission_only_actions[]
• Actions referenced by condition keys but missing from both lists = CRITICAL gap

# Cross-reference check
condition_keys = [...]  # from capabilities or SAR
op_names = set(op['operation'] for op in operations)
poa = set(permission_only_actions)
all_known = op_names | poa

missing = set()
for ck in condition_keys:
    for action in ck.get('applies_to_actions', []):
        if action not in all_known:
            missing.add(action)

if missing:
    print(f'CRITICAL: {len(missing)} actions missing: {sorted(missing)}')
    # Must fix before proceeding

4c: Create Operation Coverage

Check that every Create* operation has corresponding CRUD operations:

• Create* → should also have Get*, List*, Delete*, Update* (where applicable)
• Missing CRUD operations may indicate data-plane gaps

Step 5: Write Output

Write .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/research-api-surface.json:

CRITICAL — Output structure: Operations MUST be nested under api_surface.operations[], NOT at the top level. Each entry MUST use the key "operation" (not "action" or "name"). The merge step reads data["api_surface"]["operations"] — top-level operations[] will be ignored and produce an empty API surface in research.json.

{
  "phase": "research-api-surface",
  "service": "<service-name>",
  "api_surface": {
    "operations": [
      {
        "operation": "CreateAgentRuntime",
        "botocore_coverage": true,
        "parameters": [
          {
            "path": "$.agentRuntimeName",
            "type": "string",
            "required": true,
            "pattern": "^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*$",
            "mutability": "create_only",
            "gateable_by": ["api"],
            "sar_condition_key": null
          },
          {
            "path": "$.encryptionKeyArn",
            "type": "string",
            "required": false,
            "security_category": "kms",
            "mutability": "mutable",
            "gateable_by": ["api", "sar"],
            "sar_condition_key": "bedrock:encryptionKeyArn"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "completeness": {
    "sar_total_actions": 85,
    "permission_only_actions": 5,
    "expected_operations": 80,
    "captured_operations": 80,
    "missing_operations": [],
    "condition_key_cross_ref_pass": true,
    "missing_from_condition_keys": []
  },
  "botocore_enrichment": {
    "boto3_version": "1.40.x",
    "operations_with_coverage": 78,
    "operations_without_coverage": 2,
    "parameters_total": 540,
    "parameters_with_enum": 105,
    "parameters_gateable_by_sar": 33
  },
  "doc_sources": ["https://docs.aws.amazon.com/..."]
}

Output Verification

Output validation runs automatically via PostToolUse hook. The JSON Schema (see Schema above) hard-fails on phase-const mismatch, operations not inlined under api_surface.operations[], invalid parameter paths, or wrong enum values. validate_state.py::check_research_api_surface keeps the checks the schema cannot express: CHECK-17 (botocore_enrichment counter vs per-parameter population), the additive Phase B overlay schema, the completeness.missing_from_condition_keys CRITICAL flag, and the cross-field invariant that gateable_by containing "sar" requires sar_condition_key != null (JSON Schema 2020-12 cannot express this conditional).

Print Summary

Research (API surface) complete:
  SAR total actions:            {N}
  Permission-only actions:      {N}
  Expected operations:          {N}
  Captured operations:          {N}
  Botocore coverage:            {N/M} ops ({pct}%)
  Parameters w/ enum (botocore): {N}
  Parameters gateable_by SAR:   {N}
  Missing operations:           {N}
  Condition key cross-ref:      {PASS/FAIL}
  Doc sources:                  {N}
  Output: .service-approval/<slug>/02-research/research-api-surface.json