Imported from appautomaton/webmaton (skills/nodriver-browser/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add appautomaton/webmaton --skill nodriver-browser. Copyright stays with the author.

nodriver-browser

A persistent Chrome/Chromium browser that stays alive between Claude's turns. Built on nodriver (CDP-direct, no Selenium, no navigator.webdriver). Every script attaches to the same long-running browser, performs one action, exits — the browser and its tab keep going.

Core invariant: ONE daemon, ONE persistent tab (tabs[0]). Every script reports tabs_open in its output. If you ever see tabs_open > 1, treat it as a real signal that something opened a stray tab — read the warning and act on it.

When to use this skill

• The page needs JavaScript to render (SPA, infinite scroll, lazy load)
• WebFetch is blocked by anti-bot systems (Cloudflare, DataDome, Imperva, hCaptcha)
• The task requires interaction: clicking buttons, filling forms, multi-step flows, dropdown selection
• You need session state across multiple actions (logged-in scraping, multi-page checkout, OAuth flows)
• You need visual proof of a page (screenshot) for debugging or reporting

When NOT to use this skill

• Static HTML that loads fully on first GET → use WebFetch
• One-shot search query → use WebSearch (or grok-search skill if it exists)
• A JSON API endpoint → use curl via Bash, you don't need a browser at all
• A single quick scrape with no interactivity → consider a one-off Python script, not this skill

This skill spawns a Chromium process (~150-200 MB RAM) that stays alive until you explicitly stop it. Worth it for interactive flows; overkill for one URL.

Quick start

Scripts live in scripts/ next to this SKILL.md — resolve paths relative to the skill root.

Run them directly as executables; the #!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script shebang invokes uv and reads the PEP 723 metadata for you. Do not run these scripts with python, python3, or python -m; that bypasses the shebang, dependency metadata, and Python version pin. If executable dispatch is unavailable, use uv run --script scripts/nav.py ....

# 1. Navigate (auto-starts daemon on first call — no manual start needed)
scripts/nav.py https://news.ycombinator.com

# Optional: visible browser window, using the user's Chrome profile
scripts/nav.py --headed --user-profile https://example.com

# 2. Snapshot the page — gives you text + numbered refs for every interactive element
scripts/snapshot.py

# 3. Click something by ref id from the snapshot
scripts/click.py r17

# 4. Read state any time — it's the same tab as before, even from a fresh process
scripts/state.py

# 5. When done with the session, stop the daemon (frees ~190 MB)
scripts/stop_daemon.py

Script reference

All runnable scripts use uv run --script with PEP 723 metadata and return JSON to stdout. Invoke them directly, not through python or python3. Every script (except daemon control) appends tabs_open: N and emits a warning field if N > 1.

Leading browser options work on start_daemon.py and every script that auto-starts/attaches:

Environment equivalents: NODRIVER_SKILL_MODE=headed|headless, NODRIVER_SKILL_PROFILE=skill|user, NODRIVER_CHROME_PROFILE_DIRECTORY="Profile 1", NODRIVER_CHROME_USER_DATA_DIR=/path/to/User Data, NODRIVER_CHROME_NO_SANDBOX=1.

Daemon control

Navigation & state

Interaction (the look-think-act primitives)

Tab visibility & hygiene

Misc

The snapshot/refs model

snapshot.py is the single most important script. It does three things:

1. Walks the DOM for every interactive element (a[href], button, input, select, textarea, [role=button], [contenteditable], [onclick], ...)
2. Assigns each a stable ref id r1, r2, ... and mutates the DOM by setting data-nd-ref="rN" on each. This gives a stable CSS selector ([data-nd-ref="r17"]) that survives subsequent queries.
3. Writes the {ref: selector} map to /tmp/nodriver-skill/refs.json so click.py / type.py / press.py can look refs up.

Example output:

{
  "url": "https://example.com/login",
  "title": "Sign in",
  "text": "Sign in to your account...",
  "refs": [
    { "ref": "r1", "tag": "input", "type": "email", "name": "Email address", "visible": true, "bbox": [120, 200, 400, 40] },
    { "ref": "r2", "tag": "input", "type": "password", "name": "Password", ... },
    { "ref": "r3", "tag": "button", "type": "submit", "name": "Sign in", ... }
  ],
  "tabs_open": 1
}

To act on it:

scripts/type.py r1 "user@example.com"
scripts/type.py r2 "hunter2"
scripts/click.py r3

Refs go stale on navigation or significant SPA re-render. If click.py returns "ref no longer in DOM", just re-run snapshot.py and try again.

Daemon lifecycle

The daemon is singleton-enforced via fcntl.flock on /tmp/nodriver-skill/start.lock. Five concurrent script invocations from a cold start will only ever spawn one Chromium.

• Auto-start: First call to any interaction script (nav, state, snapshot, ...) auto-starts the daemon if it's not running. You don't need to call start_daemon.py first unless you want to verify it manually or choose options like --headed --user-profile.
• Persists: The daemon runs with start_new_session=True so it survives the parent script exit. It will stay alive across all your turn boundaries until explicit shutdown.
• Explicit stop: stop_daemon.py resolves the daemon PID from the pid file or the CDP debug port, SIGTERMs it, then SIGKILLs after 2s if needed, cleans the PID file and stale singleton locks. Run this at the end of any session that started the daemon.
• Port: 9222 by default. Override with NODRIVER_SKILL_PORT=9223 if something else holds 9222.
• Mode: headless by default. Use --headed for a visible window. You cannot change a running daemon from headless to headed; stop it first.
• Profile: isolated skill profile by default: ~/.cache/nodriver-skill/profile/ (cookies, localStorage, IndexedDB, etc.). Use --user-profile for the user's Chrome profile.
• Chrome binary: search order is CHROMIUM_PATH / CHROME_PATH env vars, then PATH binaries, then standard OS install paths, then the Playwright Chromium cache. Set CHROMIUM_PATH=/path/to/chrome to override.
• Sandbox: Chrome's sandbox is enabled by default. Only pass --no-sandbox for constrained environments where Chrome cannot start with the OS sandbox, such as PRoot/container/root setups.

Tab hygiene (READ THIS)

In default headless mode there is no visible window. In headed mode you can see the browser, but the tab contract is still enforced by script output. Some sites open new tabs you didn't ask for: target="_blank" links, window.open() calls, popup ads, OAuth redirects.

The contract is one tab. If tabs_open > 1 in any script's output (and the warning field is set):

scripts/tabs.py            # see what's actually open
scripts/cleanup.py         # close everything except tabs[0]
# OR for surgical removal:
scripts/close_tab.py 2     # close just the tab at index 2

Don't ignore the warning. Tabs accumulate. 30 stale tabs = ~2 GB of RAM and a confused state machine.

Footguns

• Refs go stale on re-render. SPAs that re-mount components on route change will lose data-nd-ref attributes. Re-run snapshot.py after every navigation or significant action.
• Concurrent navigations on the same tab race. Multiple processes can attach simultaneously, but two nav.py calls to different URLs at the same time will fight. Serialize them.
• Daemon outlives the session. If you forget stop_daemon.py, Chromium keeps running — silently eating ~190 MB of RAM until you explicitly stop it or reboot. Stop it when you're done.
• User Chrome profile can be locked. --user-profile uses the real Chrome profile root, so close normal Chrome first if startup fails or if Chrome attaches to the existing app instead of opening the CDP daemon.
• --no-sandbox is not normal. It weakens browser isolation and shows Chrome's unsupported-flag banner in headed mode. Use it only for PRoot/container/root environments where normal sandboxed Chrome cannot start.
• wait.py polls every 250ms. Don't use it for sub-second timing-sensitive stuff.
• type.py clears the field first. If you need to append, read the existing value with eval.py first.
• eval.py takes ONE expression, not statements. Multi-statement code: eval.py '(() => { let x = 1; x++; return x; })()'.
• Do not delete the profile without explicit user approval. The isolated profile at ~/.cache/nodriver-skill/profile/ stores cookies, login sessions, and other persistent data. Never clear, reset, or remove it unless the user explicitly asks.

Troubleshooting

Verifying it works

scripts/stop_daemon.py                                    # clean state
scripts/nav.py https://example.com                        # cold-start auto-spawns daemon
scripts/state.py                                          # SAME tab, fresh process
scripts/snapshot.py | head -20                            # see refs
scripts/eval.py "document.title"                          # escape hatch
scripts/screenshot.py /tmp/test.png && ls -la /tmp/test.png
scripts/status.py                                         # uptime + tab list
scripts/stop_daemon.py                                    # done

If the second call (state.py) reports the same URL as nav.py set, the persistent-tab invariant is working — every other script can rely on it.